MDPI - Publisher of Open Access Journals

13 pages, 321 KiB

Open AccessArticle

On the Spectral Redundancy of Pineapple Graphs

by Pawan Kumar, Siddique Merajuddin, Shariefuddin Pirzada and Yilun Shang

Symmetry 2024, 16(10), 1267; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16101267 - 26 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1106

In this article, we explore the concept of spectral redundancy within the class of pineapple graphs, denoted as

P (α, β)

. These graphs are constructed by attaching

β

pendent edges to a single vertex of a complete graph [...] Read more.

In this article, we explore the concept of spectral redundancy within the class of pineapple graphs, denoted as

P (α, β)

. These graphs are constructed by attaching

β

pendent edges to a single vertex of a complete graph

K_{α}

. A connected graph G earns the title of being spectrally non-redundant if the spectral radii of its connected induced subgraphs are all distinct. Spectral redundancy, on the other hand, arises when there is a repetition of spectral radii among the connected induced subgraphs within G. Our study analyzes the adjacency spectrum of

P (α, β)

, identifying distinct eigenvalues such as 0,

- 1

, along with other positive and negative eigenvalues. Our investigation focuses on determining the spectral redundancy within this class of graphs, shedding light on their unique structural properties and implications for graph theory. Understanding spectral redundancy in these graphs is crucial for applications in network design, where distinct spectral radii can indicate different connectivity patterns and resilience features. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Mathematics)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 4569 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Teaching Enzyme Activity to the Visual Impaired and Blind Students

by Felipe Sales De Oliveira, Agatha Santos do Nascimento and Maria Lucia Bianconi

Technologies 2017, 5(3), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/technologies5030052 - 17 Aug 2017

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 6731

Abstract

Biochemistry requires a high abstraction level, and different approaches should be used to enable the proper understanding of different subjects. In particular, students with visual impairment or blindness need special attention, not due to a lack of cognitive skills, but due to the fact that most of the teaching methods are visual. Enzyme properties are usually taught through experimental data that show how the activity changes in different conditions, which end up with the analysis of graphs. Therefore, our group developed experiments and graphical representations that enable visually impaired and blind students to understand enzyme properties. The experiments were done with pineapple bromelain, using reconstituted dry milk and gelatin as substrates. The “visualization” of the results were based on the sensation of the viscosity of the samples. The graphs were made with cold porcelain with all the labels (legends and numbers) written in Braille with a positive slate. From our experience with a blind student, both the experiments and the graphic representations were useful adaptations for teaching enzyme properties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Education Technologies)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Search Results (2)

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI

Saved Queries

Search Filter Reset All

Years

Feature Papers

Subjects

Journals

Article Types

Countries / Regions

Search Results (2)

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI