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Keywords = pentagon magnet shape

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14 pages, 5843 KiB  
Article
Making Sense of the Growth Behavior of Ultra-High Magnetic Gd2-Doped Silicon Clusters
by Biao Xie, Huai-Qian Wang, Hui-Fang Li, Jia-Ming Zhang, Jin-Kun Zeng, Xun-Jie Mei, Yong-Hang Zhang, Hao Zheng and Lan-Xin Qin
Molecules 2023, 28(13), 5071; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28135071 - 28 Jun 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1610
Abstract
The growth behavior, stability, electronic and magnetic properties of the Gd2Sin (n = 3–12) clusters are reported, which are investigated using density functional theory calculations combined with the Saunders ‘Kick’ and the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm. The lowest-lying structures [...] Read more.
The growth behavior, stability, electronic and magnetic properties of the Gd2Sin (n = 3–12) clusters are reported, which are investigated using density functional theory calculations combined with the Saunders ‘Kick’ and the Artificial Bee Colony algorithm. The lowest-lying structures of Gd2Sin (n = 3–12) are all exohedral structures with two Gd atoms face-capping the Sin frameworks. Results show that the pentagonal bipyramid (PB) shape is the basic framework for the nascent growth process of the present clusters, and forming the PB structure begins with n = 5. The Gd2Si5 is the potential magic cluster due to significantly higher average binding energies and second order difference energies, which can also be further verified by localized orbital locator and adaptive natural density partitioning methods. Moreover, the localized f-electron can be observed by natural atomic orbital analysis, implying that these electrons are not affected by the pure silicon atoms and scarcely participate in bonding. Hence, the implantation of these elements into a silicon substrate could present a potential alternative strategy for designing and synthesizing rare earth magnetic silicon-based materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Computational and Theoretical Chemistry)
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16 pages, 11308 KiB  
Article
Minimization of Torque Ripples in Multi-Stack Slotted Stator Axial-Flux Synchronous Machine by Modifying Magnet Shape
by Zia Mahmood, Junaid Ikram, Rabiah Badar, Syed Sabir Hussain Bukhari, Madad Ali Shah, Ali Asghar Memon and Mikulas Huba
Mathematics 2022, 10(10), 1653; https://doi.org/10.3390/math10101653 - 12 May 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2393
Abstract
This paper presents a proposed model of a multi-stack slotted stator axial-flux type permanent magnet synchronous machine (AFPMSM) specifically for reducing torque ripple. The proposed AFPMSM model uses pentagon-shaped permanent magnets (PMs). It has a low value of cogging torque and torque ripples [...] Read more.
This paper presents a proposed model of a multi-stack slotted stator axial-flux type permanent magnet synchronous machine (AFPMSM) specifically for reducing torque ripple. The proposed AFPMSM model uses pentagon-shaped permanent magnets (PMs). It has a low value of cogging torque and torque ripples compared to the conventional model with a trapezoidal magnet shape. Additionally, it has increased internal generated voltage (Ef) as compared to the conventional model. To further enhance Ef phases and minimize cogging torque of the proposed model, the proposed AFPMSM model was optimized by varying different sides of PMs using a genetic algorithm (GA). A time-stepped three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA) was performed for the comparative analysis of conventional, proposed, and optimized AFPMSM models. From this comparative performance analysis, it is observed that torque ripples and cogging torque of the optimized AFPMSM are significantly decreased, while output average torque is appreciably increased. Ef and output power are also enhanced. Full article
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