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Keywords = paroxysmal early warning

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17 pages, 5998 KiB  
Article
Identification of Precursors in InSAR Time Series Using Functional Data Analysis Post-Processing: Demonstration on Mud Volcano Eruptions
by Matteo Fontana, Mara Sabina Bernardi, Francesca Cigna, Deodato Tapete, Alessandra Menafoglio and Simone Vantini
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(7), 1191; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16071191 - 28 Mar 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1460
Abstract
One of the most promising applications of satellite data is providing users in charge of land and emergency management with information and data to support decision making for geohazard mapping, monitoring and early warning. In this work, we consider ground displacement data obtained [...] Read more.
One of the most promising applications of satellite data is providing users in charge of land and emergency management with information and data to support decision making for geohazard mapping, monitoring and early warning. In this work, we consider ground displacement data obtained via interferometric processing of satellite radar imagery, and we provide a novel post-processing approach based on a Functional Data Analysis paradigm capable of detecting precursors in displacement time series. The proposed approach appropriately accounts for the spatial and temporal dependencies of the data and does not require prior assumptions on the deformation trend. As an illustrative case, we apply the developed method to the identification of precursors to a mud volcano eruption in the Santa Barbara village in Sicily, southern Italy, showing the advantages of using a Functional Data Analysis framework for anticipating the warning signal. Indeed, the proposed approach is able to detect precursors of the paroxysmal event in the time series of the locations close to the eruption vent and provides a warning signal months before a scalar approach would. The method presented can potentially be applied to a wide range of geological events, thus representing a valuable and far-reaching monitoring tool. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Engineering Remote Sensing)
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18 pages, 5157 KiB  
Article
Automatic Early Warning to Derive Eruption Source Parameters of Paroxysmal Activity at Mt. Etna (Italy)
by Luigi Mereu, Frank Silvio Marzano, Costanza Bonadonna, Giorgio Lacanna, Maurizio Ripepe and Simona Scollo
Remote Sens. 2023, 15(14), 3501; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15143501 - 12 Jul 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2317
Abstract
Tephra dispersal and fallout resulting from explosive activity of Mt. Etna (Italy) represent a significant threat to the surrounding inhabited areas as well as to aviation operations. An early-warning system aimed at foreseeing the onset of paroxysmal activity has been developed, combining a [...] Read more.
Tephra dispersal and fallout resulting from explosive activity of Mt. Etna (Italy) represent a significant threat to the surrounding inhabited areas as well as to aviation operations. An early-warning system aimed at foreseeing the onset of paroxysmal activity has been developed, combining a thermal infrared camera, infrasonic network, and a weather radar. In this way, it is possible to identify the onset of a lava fountain as well as to determine the associated mass eruption rate (MER) and top plume height (HTP). The new methodology, defined as the paroxysmal early-warning (PEW) alert system, is based on the analysis of some explosive eruptions that occurred between 2011 and 2021 at Etna, simultaneously observed by the thermal camera and infrasound systems dislocated around the summit eruptive craters, and by the weather radar, located at about 32 km from the summit craters. This work represents an important step towards the mitigation of the potential impact associated with the tephra dispersal and fallout during paroxysms at Etna, which can be applied to other volcanoes with similar activity and monitoring strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Observation of Volcanic Emissions and Their Impacts on the Atmosphere, Biosphere and Environment)
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