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Keywords = on-line optofluidic sensor

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16 pages, 9035 KiB  
Article
A First Step towards Determining the Ionic Content in Water with an Integrated Optofluidic Chip Based on Near-Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy
by Gerwin W. Steen, Adam D. Wexler, Elmar C. Fuchs and Herman L. Offerhaus
Optics 2020, 1(2), 175-190; https://doi.org/10.3390/opt1020014 - 11 Jul 2020
Viewed by 4476
Abstract
In this work, we present a feasibility study of integrated optofluidic chips to measure the ionic content in water using differential absorption spectroscopy. The second overtone of the OH-stretch vibration of water is used as indicator for both the type and concentration of [...] Read more.
In this work, we present a feasibility study of integrated optofluidic chips to measure the ionic content in water using differential absorption spectroscopy. The second overtone of the OH-stretch vibration of water is used as indicator for both the type and concentration of the dissolved ions. The optofluidic chips are based on silicon nitride (TripleX) containing Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZI) with two 5 cm sensing paths for the sample and reference arms, respectively. Simulations show that, theoretically, the determination of both the type and concentration of a mixture of four electrolytes is possible with the techniques presented. However, the performance of the chips deviated from the expected results due to the insufficient reproducibility and precision in the fabrication process. Therefore, at this early stage, the chips presented here could only determine the ion concentration, but not differentiate between the different ion types. Still, this work represents the first steps towards the realization of an online and real-time sensor of ionic content in water. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fabrication and Applications of Photonic Micro-Devices)
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14 pages, 3647 KiB  
Article
Continuous and Real-Time Detection of Drinking-Water Pathogens with a Low-Cost Fluorescent Optofluidic Sensor
by João Simões and Tao Dong
Sensors 2018, 18(7), 2210; https://doi.org/10.3390/s18072210 - 10 Jul 2018
Cited by 36 | Viewed by 6250
Abstract
Growing access to tap water and consequent expansion of water distribution systems has created numerous challenges to maintaining water quality between the treatment node and final consumer. Despite all efforts to develop sustainable monitoring systems, there is still a lack of low cost, [...] Read more.
Growing access to tap water and consequent expansion of water distribution systems has created numerous challenges to maintaining water quality between the treatment node and final consumer. Despite all efforts to develop sustainable monitoring systems, there is still a lack of low cost, continuous and real time devices that demonstrate potential for large-scale implementation in wide water distribution networks. The following work presents a study of a low-cost, optofluidic sensor, based on Trypthopan Intrinsic Fluorescence. The fluorospectrometry analysis performed (before sensor development) supports the existence of a measurable fluorescence output signal originating from the tryptophan contained within pathogenic bacteria. The sensor was mounted using a rapid prototyping technique (3D printing), and the integrated optical system was achieved with low-cost optical components. The sensor performance was evaluated with spiked laboratory samples containing E. coli and Legionella, in both continuous and non-continuous flow situations. Results have shown a linear relationship between the signal measured and pathogen concentration, with limits of detection at 1.4 × 103 CFU/mL. The time delay between contamination and detection of the bacteria was practically null. Therefore, this study supports the potential application of tryptophan for monitoring drinking water against water pathogens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Micro-Nano Intelligent Manufacture)
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