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Search Results (5)

Search Parameters:
Keywords = nutritional complications related to food allergy

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22 pages, 1594 KiB  
Review
Global Burden of Allergies: Mechanisms of Development, Challenges in Diagnosis, and Treatment
by Ewa Alska, Agata Doligalska, Katarzyna Napiórkowska-Baran, Marcin Dolina, Karolina Osińska, Anastazja Pilichowicz, Aleksandra Wojtkiewicz, Justyna Julia Kaczor, Bartłomiej Szymczak and Zbigniew Bartuzi
Life 2025, 15(6), 878; https://doi.org/10.3390/life15060878 - 29 May 2025
Viewed by 1145
Abstract
Allergic diseases represent a major and growing global health concern, with increasing prevalence among both children and adults. This manuscript presents an extensive review of allergy mechanisms, epidemiology, diagnostics, and clinical challenges, highlighting the complex interplay between immune system dysregulation and environmental exposures. [...] Read more.
Allergic diseases represent a major and growing global health concern, with increasing prevalence among both children and adults. This manuscript presents an extensive review of allergy mechanisms, epidemiology, diagnostics, and clinical challenges, highlighting the complex interplay between immune system dysregulation and environmental exposures. The authors provide a structured analysis of hypersensitivity types, with particular focus on IgE-mediated responses, and emphasize the role of immune barrier defects, epigenetics, and the microbiota in allergic pathogenesis. This manuscript explores diagnostic limitations, including test sensitivity, specificity, and the presence of hidden allergens, as well as challenges in identifying food-related or atypical allergic reactions. A novel and valuable aspect is the discussion of allergy as a potential clinical manifestation of primary immunodeficiencies, such as selective IgA deficiency, Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome, hyper-IgE syndrome, and Netherton syndrome. This review also outlines challenges in treatment, especially among polysensitized patients, and examines the psychosocial burden and complications of allergic diseases, including mental health, nutritional deficiencies, and impaired sleep. This comprehensive synthesis underscores the need for early diagnosis, multidisciplinary management, and personalized therapeutic strategies to improve quality of life of allergic patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Medical Research)
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27 pages, 995 KiB  
Review
Food Hypersensitivity: Distinguishing Allergy from Intolerance, Main Characteristics, and Symptoms—A Narrative Review
by Gregory Hage, Yonna Sacre, Joanne Haddad, Marcel Hajj, Lea Nicole Sayegh and Nicole Fakhoury-Sayegh
Nutrients 2025, 17(8), 1359; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17081359 - 16 Apr 2025
Viewed by 2106
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Food hypersensitivity remains an understudied and overlooked subject globally. It is characterized by adverse reactions to dietary substances, potentially triggered by various mechanisms. Food allergy, a subset of food hypersensitivity, denotes an immune response to food proteins categorized into immunoglobulin IgE-mediated or [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Food hypersensitivity remains an understudied and overlooked subject globally. It is characterized by adverse reactions to dietary substances, potentially triggered by various mechanisms. Food allergy, a subset of food hypersensitivity, denotes an immune response to food proteins categorized into immunoglobulin IgE-mediated or non-IgE-mediated reactions. Conversely, food intolerance, another facet of food hypersensitivity, refers to non-immunological reactions, in which the human body cannot properly digest certain foods or components, leading to gastrointestinal discomfort and other non-immune-related symptoms. The main objective of this study was to determine and differentiate the differences, characteristics, and types of food hypersensitivity. Methods: This study involved a comprehensive review of key research from 1990 onward, including review articles, prospective studies, nested case–control studies, and meta-analyses. Results: Recognizing these differences is essential for healthcare professionals to ensure accurate diagnosis, effective management, and improved patient outcomes, while also aiding dietitians in providing optimal nutritional and dietary guidance. Conclusions: there are big differences between the main characteristics, such as symptoms, complications, and treatments between allergies, and food intolerances. Commonly reported trigger foods include cow milk, gluten, eggs, nuts, and seafood. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutritional Immunology)
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24 pages, 786 KiB  
Review
Relationship between Infant Feeding and the Microbiome: Implications for Allergies and Food Intolerances
by Lourdes Herrera-Quintana, Héctor Vázquez-Lorente, Daniel Hinojosa-Nogueira and Julio Plaza-Diaz
Children 2024, 11(8), 1030; https://doi.org/10.3390/children11081030 - 22 Aug 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 7730
Abstract
Childhood is a critical period for immune system development, which is greatly influenced by the gut microbiome. Likewise, a number of factors affect the gut microbiome composition and diversity, including breastfeeding, formula feeding, and solid foods introduction. In this regard, several studies have [...] Read more.
Childhood is a critical period for immune system development, which is greatly influenced by the gut microbiome. Likewise, a number of factors affect the gut microbiome composition and diversity, including breastfeeding, formula feeding, and solid foods introduction. In this regard, several studies have previously demonstrated that breastfeeding promotes a favorable microbiome. In contrast, formula feeding and the early incorporation of certain solid foods may adversely affect microbiome development. Additionally, there is increasing evidence that disruptions in the early microbiome can lead to allergic conditions and food intolerances. Thus, developing strategies to promote optimal infant nutrition requires an understanding of the relationship between infant nutrition and long-term health. The present review aims to examine the relationship between infant feeding practices and the microbiome, as well as its implications on allergies and food intolerances in infants. Moreover, this study synthesizes existing evidence on how different eating habits influence the microbiome. It highlights their implications for the prevention of allergies and food intolerances. In conclusion, introducing allergenic solid foods before six months, alongside breastfeeding, may significantly reduce allergies and food intolerances risks, being also associated with variations in gut microbiome and related complications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Infant and Early Childhood Nutrition)
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12 pages, 272 KiB  
Review
Nutritional and Psychosocial Impact of Food Allergy in Pediatric Age
by Luca Pecoraro, Carla Mastrorilli, Stefania Arasi, Simona Barni, Davide Caimmi, Fernanda Chiera, Giulio Dinardo, Serena Gracci, Michele Miraglia Del Giudice, Roberto Bernardini and Arianna Giannetti
Life 2024, 14(6), 695; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14060695 - 28 May 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2147
Abstract
Treatment of IgE-mediated food allergy involves avoiding the food causing the allergic reaction. In association, an action plan for allergic reactions is indicated, sometimes including self-injectable adrenaline. In addition to these dietary and medical implications, there are two equally important ones: nutritional and [...] Read more.
Treatment of IgE-mediated food allergy involves avoiding the food causing the allergic reaction. In association, an action plan for allergic reactions is indicated, sometimes including self-injectable adrenaline. In addition to these dietary and medical implications, there are two equally important ones: nutritional and psychosocial. From a nutritional point of view, it is known that children suffering from food allergy have a growth delay in height and weight compared to their non-allergic peers. Specifically, this condition is directly related to the specific food excluded from the diet, the number of foods excluded and the duration of the elimination diet. From a psychosocial point of view, the child often cannot eat the foods other guests eat. Children with food allergy may perceive an aura of parental anxiety around their mealtime and may be afraid that what they eat could have harmful consequences for their health. Furthermore, children’s and their parents’ quality of life appears to be affected. The need to manage the allergy and the nutritional and psychosocial problems positions the pediatric nutritionist and the child neuropsychiatrist as support figures for the pediatric allergist in managing the child with food allergy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pediatric Allergic and Immunological Diseases)
14 pages, 237 KiB  
Review
Epidemiology of Cow’s Milk Allergy
by Julie D. Flom and Scott H. Sicherer
Nutrients 2019, 11(5), 1051; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051051 - 10 May 2019
Cited by 264 | Viewed by 24271
Abstract
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most common food allergies in infants and young children. CMA can result in anaphylactic reactions, and has long term implications on growth and nutrition. There are several studies in diverse populations assessing [...] Read more.
Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is one of the most common food allergies in infants and young children. CMA can result in anaphylactic reactions, and has long term implications on growth and nutrition. There are several studies in diverse populations assessing the epidemiology of CMA. However, assessment is complicated by the presence of other immune-mediated reactions to cow’s milk. These include non-IgE and mixed (IgE and non-IgE) reactions and common non-immune mediated reactions, such as lactose intolerance. Estimates of prevalence and population-level patterns are further complicated by the natural history of CMA (given its relatively high rate of resolution) and variation in phenotype (with a large proportion of patients able to tolerate baked cow’s milk). Prevalence, natural history, demographic patterns, and long-term outcomes of CMA have been explored in several disparate populations over the past 30 to 40 years, with differences seen based on the method of outcome assessment, study population, time period, and geographic region. The primary aim of this review is to describe the epidemiology of CMA. The review also briefly discusses topics related to prevalence studies and specific implications of CMA, including severity, natural course, nutritional impact, and risk factors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cow's Milk and Allergy)
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