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Keywords = nighttime topside ionospheric irregularities

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15 pages, 4351 KiB  
Article
Airglow Imaging Observations of Plasma Blobs: Merging and Bifurcation during Solar Minimum over Tropical Region
by Micheal O. Adebayo, Alexandre A. Pimenta, Siomel Savio and Prosper K. Nyassor
Atmosphere 2023, 14(3), 514; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14030514 - 7 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2819
Abstract
Plasma blobs are night-time ionospheric irregularities whose generation mechanism is still under investigation. A large number of observations highlighted several aspects of their morphology and dynamics. However, the plasma blobs have not been attributed convincingly to a known mechanism. We analyzed the OI [...] Read more.
Plasma blobs are night-time ionospheric irregularities whose generation mechanism is still under investigation. A large number of observations highlighted several aspects of their morphology and dynamics. However, the plasma blobs have not been attributed convincingly to a known mechanism. We analyzed the OI 630.0 nm emission images during March and October of 2019 and 2020 (minimum solar activity) using the ground-based all-sky imager at ZF-2 (2.58° S, 60.22° W) in the Amazon region of Brazil. The novelties of the present study are the rarely reported observation of both plasma blob merging and bifurcation. We studied the evolutional dynamics of plasma blobs and observed that blobs are distinct phenomena with unique properties. We attribute the merging of plasma blobs to the “wind reversion effect” (WRE) mechanism caused by a change in the direction of the zonal thermospheric wind from east to west. In some cases, the slower-drifting plasma blobs may merge with the faster ones. Moreover, blobs were observed initially bifurcating at the topside and later divided into two. The activity of the polarized electric field inside the plasma bubble mapping along the magnetic field lines is possibly responsible for the blob’s bifurcation. Subjecting the two features of ionospheric plasma blobs to simulation may reveal further the physics of blobs’ merging and bifurcation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Equatorial-Low-Latitude Plasma Bubble Dynamics: Recent Observations and Simulations)
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10 pages, 4656 KiB  
Article
Investigation of the Occurrence of Nighttime Topside Ionospheric Irregularities in Low-Latitude and Equatorial Regions Using CYGNSS Satellites
by Liang Huang, Yi Liu, Qiong Tang, Guanyi Chen, Zhuangkai Wang and Chen Zhou
Sensors 2020, 20(3), 708; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20030708 - 28 Jan 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3353
Abstract
By using multi-satellite observations of the L1 signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) from the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) taken in 2017, we present the occurrence of nighttime topside ionospheric irregularities in low-latitude and equatorial regions. The most significant finding of this study is [...] Read more.
By using multi-satellite observations of the L1 signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) from the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) taken in 2017, we present the occurrence of nighttime topside ionospheric irregularities in low-latitude and equatorial regions. The most significant finding of this study is the existence of longitudinal structures with a wavenumber 4 pattern in the topside irregularities. This suggests that lower atmospheric waves, especially a daytime diurnal eastward-propagating zonal wave number-3 nonmigrating tide (DE3), might play an important role in the generation of topside plasma bubbles during the low solar minimum. Observations of scintillation events indicate that the maximum occurrence of nighttime topside ionospheric irregularities occurs on the magnetic equator during the equinoxes. The current work, which could be regarded as an important update of the previous investigations, would be readily for the further global analysis of the topside ionospheric irregularities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Remote Sensors)
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