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Keywords = nanostructured titanium Grade 4

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10 pages, 3299 KB  
Article
Superstrength of Nanostructured Ti Grade 4 with Grain Boundary Segregations
by Emil I. Usmanov, Michail Yu. Gutkin, Yinxing Wu, Gang Sha and Ruslan Z. Valiev
Metals 2025, 15(6), 618; https://doi.org/10.3390/met15060618 - 30 May 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 985
Abstract
Severe plastic deformation and subsequent heat treatments yield nanostructured commercially pure (CP) titanium Grade 4 with average grain size of about 100 nm and exceptional strength. To elucidate the underlying strengthening mechanisms in this nanotitanium (nanoTi), this study uses atom probe tomography (APT) [...] Read more.
Severe plastic deformation and subsequent heat treatments yield nanostructured commercially pure (CP) titanium Grade 4 with average grain size of about 100 nm and exceptional strength. To elucidate the underlying strengthening mechanisms in this nanotitanium (nanoTi), this study uses atom probe tomography (APT) to analyze the atomic structure of grain boundaries and assess impurity segregation. Results reveal the formation of grain boundary segregations, primarily composed of iron (Fe) atoms, reaching concentrations up to 3.3 ± 0.2 at% in localized regions. The average width of these segregation layers is 6.13 ± 0.45 nm. The paper considers a mechanism for forming these segregations and discusses relevant theoretical models describing their contribution to the material’s enhanced strength. Full article
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13 pages, 5841 KB  
Article
Continuous Production of Pure Titanium with Ultrafine to Nanocrystalline Microstructure
by Kateřina Mertová, Jan Palán, Michal Duchek, Tomáš Studecký, Jan Džugan and Ivana Poláková
Materials 2020, 13(2), 336; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13020336 - 11 Jan 2020
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3360
Abstract
This work deals with the application of the Conform SPD (Severe Plastic Deformation) continuous extrusion process for ultrafine to nanostructured pure titanium production. The process has been derived from the Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) technique but, unlike ECAP, it offers continuous production [...] Read more.
This work deals with the application of the Conform SPD (Severe Plastic Deformation) continuous extrusion process for ultrafine to nanostructured pure titanium production. The process has been derived from the Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) technique but, unlike ECAP, it offers continuous production of high-strength wire. This study describes the Conform SPD process combined with subsequent cold working (rotary swaging technique), its potential for commercial application, and the properties of high-strength wires of pure titanium. High-strength wire of titanium Grade 4 is the product. Titanium Grade 4 reaches ultimate strengths up to 1320 MPa. This value is more than twice the ultimate strength of the unprocessed material. The typical grain size upon processing ranges from 200 to 500 nm. Process development supported by FEM analysis together with detailed microstructure characterization accompanied by mechanical properties investigation is presented. Full article
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13 pages, 2508 KB  
Article
Proliferation of Osteoblasts on Laser-Modified Nanostructured Titanium Surfaces
by Vaclav Babuska, Jan Palan, Jana Kolaja Dobra, Vlastimil Kulda, Michal Duchek, Jan Cerny and Daniel Hrusak
Materials 2018, 11(10), 1827; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11101827 - 26 Sep 2018
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 4364
Abstract
Nanostructured titanium has become a useful material for biomedical applications such as dental implants. Certain surface properties (grain size, roughness, wettability) are highly expected to promote cell adhesion and osseointegration. The aim of this study was to compare the biocompatibilities of several titanium [...] Read more.
Nanostructured titanium has become a useful material for biomedical applications such as dental implants. Certain surface properties (grain size, roughness, wettability) are highly expected to promote cell adhesion and osseointegration. The aim of this study was to compare the biocompatibilities of several titanium materials using human osteoblast cell line hFOB 1.19. Eight different types of specimens were examined: machined commercially pure grade 2 (cpTi2) and 4 (cpTi4) titanium, nanostructured titanium of the same grades (nTi2, nTi4), and corresponding specimens with laser-treated surfaces (cpTi2L, cpTi4L, nTi2L, nTi4L). Their surface topography was evaluated by means of scanning electron microscopy. Surface roughness was measured using a mechanical contact profilometer. Specimens with laser-treated surfaces had significantly higher surface roughness. Wettability was measured by the drop contact angle method. Nanostructured samples had significantly higher wettability. Cell proliferation after 48 hours from plating was assessed by viability and proliferation assay. The highest proliferation of osteoblasts was found in nTi4 specimens. The analysis of cell proliferation revealed a difference between machined and laser-treated specimens. The mean proliferation was lower on the laser-treated titanium materials. Although plain laser treatment increases surface roughness and wettability, it does not seem to lead to improved biocompatibility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Laser Ablation in the Synthesis of Novel Nanostructured Materials)
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