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Search Results (3)

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Keywords = melt-coolant interactions

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11 pages, 2290 KiB  
Article
Mechanism and Kinetics of Interaction of FLiNaK–CeF3 Melt with Water Vapors and Oxygen in the Air Atmosphere
by Irina D. Zakiryanova, Petr N. Mushnikov, Elena V. Nikolaeva and Yury P. Zaikov
Processes 2023, 11(4), 988; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11040988 - 24 Mar 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2116
Abstract
The mechanism and kinetic parameters of the interaction of the FLiNaK–CeF3 melt with water vapors and oxygen in the air atmosphere were determined using Raman and IR spectroscopy, XRD analysis, and thermodynamic modeling of processes. The presence of the 4CeF3(solution) + [...] Read more.
The mechanism and kinetic parameters of the interaction of the FLiNaK–CeF3 melt with water vapors and oxygen in the air atmosphere were determined using Raman and IR spectroscopy, XRD analysis, and thermodynamic modeling of processes. The presence of the 4CeF3(solution) + 6H2O (gas) + O2(gas) = 4CeO2(solid) + 12HF(gas) reaction, which disturbs the fluoride melt homogeneity, was verified in situ by Raman spectroscopy adopted for high-temperature, chemically aggressive fluoride systems. Based on the obtained spectral data, the type of the kinetic equation, order, and rate constant of the chemical reaction were determined. The concentration of cerium dioxide was found to increase linearly in time and a zero reaction order with respect to CeO2 was detected. The change in the concentration of CeO2 over time at T = 510 °C is described by the equation C = 0.085t; the reaction rate constant is 0.085 mol. %∙min−1. The obtained kinetic parameters may be used to model emergencies related with the depressurization of the coolant circuit or the working area of the molten salt reactor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Chemical Processes and Systems)
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11 pages, 4586 KiB  
Article
Structural Integrity Evaluation of a Reactor Cavity during a Steam Explosion for External Reactor Vessel Cooling
by Sang-Hyun Park, Kwang-Hyun Bang and Jong-Rae Cho
Energies 2021, 14(12), 3605; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14123605 - 17 Jun 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2397
Abstract
Nuclear power is a major source of electricity in the international community. However, a significant problem with nuclear power is that, if a severe nuclear accident occurs, radiation may leak and cause great damage. As such, research on nuclear safety has become increasingly [...] Read more.
Nuclear power is a major source of electricity in the international community. However, a significant problem with nuclear power is that, if a severe nuclear accident occurs, radiation may leak and cause great damage. As such, research on nuclear safety has become increasingly popular worldwide. In this paper, the structural integrity of a reactor cavity during a steam explosion—one kind of the aforementioned severe nuclear accidents—was evaluated. Steam explosions are primarily caused by fuel–coolant interactions (FCI), and result from issues in the cooling system that discharges the melt from the reactor core to the outside. A steam explosion can damage the nuclear power plant, and radiation leakage, the greatest concern, may occur. In the Chernobyl or Fukushima Daiichi accidents, significant radiation leakages resulted in damages extending beyond the country of origin. In this paper, a steam explosion was simulated using values given by the transient analysis code for explosive reactions (TRACER-II)—the only steam explosion code in Korea. The walls of the reactor cavity were modeled after the APR-1400 currently operating in Korea. The integrity of the concrete, rebars, and liner plate in the reactor cavity during a steam explosion was evaluated in terms of stress and ductile failure strain limits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section B4: Nuclear Energy)
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36 pages, 5611 KiB  
Review
Heat Transfer Considerations on the Spontaneous Triggering of Vapor Explosions—A Review
by Arne Simons, Inge Bellemans, Tijl Crivits and Kim Verbeken
Metals 2021, 11(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11010055 - 29 Dec 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3025
Abstract
Vapor explosions have been investigated both theoretically and experimentally for several decades, focusing either on the vapor film, or on mechanical aspects. Where the main interest for industry lies in the safety risks of such an event, fundamental research is focusing on all [...] Read more.
Vapor explosions have been investigated both theoretically and experimentally for several decades, focusing either on the vapor film, or on mechanical aspects. Where the main interest for industry lies in the safety risks of such an event, fundamental research is focusing on all partial processes that occur during a vapor explosion. In this paper, vapor explosions are discussed from a heat transfer point of view. Generally accepted knowledge of heat transfer between hot surfaces and liquids is compared to early investigations regarding the origin of vapor explosions. Both steady state and transient models are discussed. The review of available literature suggests that vapor explosions trigger spontaneously by the collapse of the boiling film. Better understanding of the fundamental aspects of vapor explosions might give rise to future ideas on how to avoid them. Full article
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