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Keywords = lung water level (LWL)

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31 pages, 11454 KiB  
Review
Cutting-Edge Microwave Sensors for Vital Signs Detection and Precise Human Lung Water Level Measurement
by Anwer S. Abd El-Hameed, Dalia M. Elsheakh, Gomaa M. Elashry and Esmat A. Abdallah
Magnetism 2024, 4(3), 209-239; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetism4030015 - 6 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2550
Abstract
In this article, a comprehensive review is presented of recent technological advancements utilizing electromagnetic sensors in the microwave range for detecting human vital signs and lung water levels. With the main objective of improving detection accuracy and system robustness, numerous advancements in front-end [...] Read more.
In this article, a comprehensive review is presented of recent technological advancements utilizing electromagnetic sensors in the microwave range for detecting human vital signs and lung water levels. With the main objective of improving detection accuracy and system robustness, numerous advancements in front-end architecture, detection techniques, and system-level integration have been reported. The benefits of non-contact vital sign detection have garnered significant interest across a range of applications, including healthcare monitoring and search and rescue operations. Moreover, some integrated circuits and portable systems have lately been shown off. A comparative examination of various system architectures, baseband signal processing methods, system-level integration strategies, and possible applications are included in this article. Going forward, researchers will continue to focus on integrating radar chips to achieve compact form factors and employ advanced signal processing methods to further enhance detection accuracy. Full article
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26 pages, 14936 KiB  
Article
A Comparative Study of Narrow/Ultra-Wideband Microwave Sensors for the Continuous Monitoring of Vital Signs and Lung Water Level
by Anwer S. Abd El-Hameed, Dalia M. Elsheakh, Gomaa M. Elashry and Esmat A. Abdallah
Sensors 2024, 24(5), 1658; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051658 - 4 Mar 2024
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2248
Abstract
This article presents an in-depth investigation of wearable microwave antenna sensors (MASs) used for vital sign detection (VSD) and lung water level (LWL) monitoring. The study looked at two different types of MASs, narrowband (NB) and ultra-wideband (UWB), to decide which one was [...] Read more.
This article presents an in-depth investigation of wearable microwave antenna sensors (MASs) used for vital sign detection (VSD) and lung water level (LWL) monitoring. The study looked at two different types of MASs, narrowband (NB) and ultra-wideband (UWB), to decide which one was better. Unlike recent wearable respiratory sensors, these antennas are simple in design, low-profile, and affordable. The narrowband sensor employs an offset-feed microstrip transmission line, which has a bandwidth of 240 MHz at −10 dB reflection coefficient for the textile substrate. The UWB microwave sensor uses a CPW-fed line to excite an unbalanced U-shaped radiator, offering an extended simulated operating bandwidth from 1.5 to 10 GHz with impedance matching ≤−10 dB. Both types of microwave sensors are designed on a flexible RO 3003 substrate and textile conductive fabric attached to a cotton substrate. The specific absorption rate (SAR) of the sensors is measured at different resonant frequencies on 1 g and 10 g of tissue, according to the IEEE C95.3 standard, and both sensors meet the standard limit of 1.6 W/kg and 2 W/kg, respectively. A simple peak-detection algorithm is used to demonstrate high accuracy in the detection of respiration, heartbeat, and lung water content. Based on the experimental results on a child and an adult volunteer, it can be concluded that UWB MASs offer superior performance when compared to NB sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors for Health and Environment Monitoring)
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