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Search Results (3)

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Keywords = intralocus sexual conflict

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10 pages, 1000 KiB  
Communication
Nutritional Trade-Offs in Drosophila melanogaster
by Juliano Morimoto
Biology 2025, 14(4), 384; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14040384 - 7 Apr 2025
Viewed by 775
Abstract
Animals often regulate their nutrient intake according to their physiological needs. There is evidence that different traits require specific nutrient blends, and that animals cannot always maximize all traits with a single diet (“nutritional trade-offs”). However, we still do not have a clear [...] Read more.
Animals often regulate their nutrient intake according to their physiological needs. There is evidence that different traits require specific nutrient blends, and that animals cannot always maximize all traits with a single diet (“nutritional trade-offs”). However, we still do not have a clear understanding of which traits might be involved in nutritional trade-offs. I compiled data from the Geometric Framework of Nutrition literature on the ratio of proteins and carbohydrates that maximize (best PC ratios) or minimize (worst PC ratios) several larval and adult traits in Drosophila melanogaster. Best and worst PC ratios clustered into three regions in the protein-carbohydrate nutrient space: (1) Low PC ratios (1:8 or higher) are best for lifespan but worst for growth or reproductive traits; (2) High PC ratios (1:1 or lower) are best for adult body mass, male reproduction, and larval developmental time but worst for lifespan; and (3) Intermediate PC ratios (<1:1 and >1:8) are best for female lifetime egg production, female reproductive rate, and larval survival. These findings support lifespan–reproduction nutritional trade-offs, highlight the potential for metamorphosis to solve nutritional trade-offs across life stages, and underscore the potential for intralocus sexual conflict to emerge over the expression of metabolic genes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feeding Biology and Nutrition in Insects)
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10 pages, 1495 KiB  
Article
Development of a Set of Microsatellite Markers to Investigate Sexually Antagonistic Selection in the Invasive Ant Nylanderia fulva
by Pierre-Andre Eyer, Megan N. Moran, Alexander J. Blumenfeld and Edward L. Vargo
Insects 2021, 12(7), 643; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12070643 - 15 Jul 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3108
Abstract
Sexually antagonistic selection (SAS) occurs when distinct alleles are differentially selected in each sex. In the invasive tawny crazy ant, Nylanderia fulva, a genomic region is under SAS, while the rest of the genome is randomly selected in males and females. In this [...] Read more.
Sexually antagonistic selection (SAS) occurs when distinct alleles are differentially selected in each sex. In the invasive tawny crazy ant, Nylanderia fulva, a genomic region is under SAS, while the rest of the genome is randomly selected in males and females. In this study, we designed a suite of 15 microsatellite markers to study the origin and evolution of SAS in N. fulva. These SAS markers were polymorphic, with allelic frequencies that are highly different between males and females. All haploid males carry only a subset of the alleles present in the population, while females are reliably heterozygous, with one allele from the male gene pool and a different allele inherited from their mother. In addition, we identified six polymorphic markers not associated with SAS and six markers yielding consistent, yet monomorphic, amplification in the introduced range of this species. Reaction condition optimizations allowed all retained markers to be co-amplified in four PCR mixes. The SAS markers may be used to test for the strength and the extent of the genomic regions under SAS in both the native and introduced ranges of N. fulva, while the set of non-SAS loci may be used to assess the invasion route of this species. Overall, the application of these microsatellite markers will yield insights into the origin and evolution of SAS within and among species of the genus Nylanderia. Full article
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18 pages, 1612 KiB  
Review
The Guppy Sex Chromosome System and the Sexually Antagonistic Polymorphism Hypothesis for Y Chromosome Recombination Suppression
by Deborah Charlesworth
Genes 2018, 9(5), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9050264 - 19 May 2018
Cited by 32 | Viewed by 8617
Abstract
Sex chromosomes regularly evolve suppressed recombination, distinguishing them from other chromosomes, and the reason for this has been debated for many years. It is now clear that non-recombining sex-linked regions have arisen in different ways in different organisms. A major hypothesis is that [...] Read more.
Sex chromosomes regularly evolve suppressed recombination, distinguishing them from other chromosomes, and the reason for this has been debated for many years. It is now clear that non-recombining sex-linked regions have arisen in different ways in different organisms. A major hypothesis is that a sex-determining gene arises on a chromosome and that sexually antagonistic (SA) selection (sometimes called intra-locus sexual conflict) acting at a linked gene has led to the evolution of recombination suppression in the region, to reduce the frequency of low fitness recombinant genotypes produced. The sex chromosome system of the guppy (Poecilia reticulata) is often cited as supporting this hypothesis because SA selection has been demonstrated to act on male coloration in natural populations of this fish, and probably contributes to maintaining polymorphisms for the genetic factors involved. I review classical genetic and new molecular genetic results from the guppy, and other fish, including approaches for identifying the genome regions carrying sex-determining loci, and suggest that the guppy may exemplify a recently proposed route to sex chromosome evolution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Evolutionary Life Cycle of Sex Chromosomes)
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