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Keywords = in-plane liquid lens

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19 pages, 9461 KiB  
Review
Electrically Tunable Lenses for Imaging and Light Manipulation
by Lijun Chen, Shijie Liang, Zhenshi Chen, Xifa Liang and Qingming Chen
Micromachines 2023, 14(2), 319; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14020319 - 26 Jan 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3475
Abstract
Optofluidics seamlessly combines optics and microfluidics together to construct novel devices for microsystems, providing flexible reconfigurability and high compatibility. By taking advantage of mature electronic fabrication techniques and flexible regulation of microfluidics, electrically actuated optofluidics has achieved fantastic optical functions. Generally, the optical [...] Read more.
Optofluidics seamlessly combines optics and microfluidics together to construct novel devices for microsystems, providing flexible reconfigurability and high compatibility. By taking advantage of mature electronic fabrication techniques and flexible regulation of microfluidics, electrically actuated optofluidics has achieved fantastic optical functions. Generally, the optical function is achieved by electrically modulating the interfaces or movements of microdroplets inside a small chamber. The high refractive index difference (~0.5) at the interfaces between liquid/air or liquid/liquid makes unprecedented optical tunability a reality. They are suitable for optical imaging devices, such as microscope and portable electronic. This paper will review the working principle and recent development of electrical optofluidic devices by electrowetting and dielectrophoresis, including optical lens/microscope, beam steering and in-plane light manipulation. Some methods to improve the lens performance are reviewed. In addition, the applications of electrical microfluidics are also discussed. In order to stimulate the development of electrically controlled liquid lens, two novel designs derived from electrowetting and dielectrophoresis are introduced in this paper. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nano-Structure Based Optoelectronics and Photonics Devices)
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16 pages, 3138 KiB  
Review
Optofluidic Tunable Lenses for In-Plane Light Manipulation
by Qingming Chen, Tenghao Li, Zhaohui Li, Jinlin Long and Xuming Zhang
Micromachines 2018, 9(3), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi9030097 - 26 Feb 2018
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 6901
Abstract
Optofluidics incorporates optics and microfluidics together to construct novel devices for microsystems, providing flexible reconfigurability and high compatibility. Among many novel devices, a prominent one is the in-plane optofluidic lens. It manipulates the light in the plane of the substrate, upon which the [...] Read more.
Optofluidics incorporates optics and microfluidics together to construct novel devices for microsystems, providing flexible reconfigurability and high compatibility. Among many novel devices, a prominent one is the in-plane optofluidic lens. It manipulates the light in the plane of the substrate, upon which the liquid sample is held. Benefiting from the compatibility, the in-plane optofluidic lenses can be incorporated into a single chip without complicated manual alignment and promises high integration density. In term of the tunability, the in-plane liquid lenses can be either tuned by adjusting the fluidic interface using numerous microfluidic techniques, or by modulating the refractive index of the liquid using temperature, electric field and concentration. In this paper, the in-plane liquid lenses will be reviewed in the aspects of operation mechanisms and recent development. In addition, their applications in lab-on-a-chip systems are also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Optofluidics)
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12 pages, 3876 KiB  
Article
Liquid Gradient Refractive Index Microlens for Dynamically Adjusting the Beam Focusing
by Zichun Le, Yunli Sun and Ying Du
Micromachines 2015, 6(12), 1984-1995; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi6121469 - 10 Dec 2015
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 6183
Abstract
An in-plane liquid gradient index (L-GRIN) microlens is designed for dynamically adjusting the beam focusing. The ethylene glycol solution (core liquid) withde-ionized (DI) water (cladding liquid) is co-injected into the lens chamber to form a gradient refractive index profile. The influences of the [...] Read more.
An in-plane liquid gradient index (L-GRIN) microlens is designed for dynamically adjusting the beam focusing. The ethylene glycol solution (core liquid) withde-ionized (DI) water (cladding liquid) is co-injected into the lens chamber to form a gradient refractive index profile. The influences of the diffusion coefficient, mass fraction of ethylene glycol and flow rate of liquids on the refractive index profile of L-GRIN microlens are analyzed, and the finite element method and ray tracing method are used to simulate the convection-diffusion process and beam focusing process, which is helpful for the prediction of focusing effects and manipulation of the device. It is found that not only the focal length but the focal spot of the output beam can be adjusted by the diffusion coefficient, mass fraction and flow rate of liquids. The focal length of the microlens varies from 942 to 11 μm when the mass fraction of the ethylene glycol solution varies from 0.05 to 0.4, and the focal length changes from 127.1 to 8 μm by varying the flow rate of the core liquid from 0.5 × 103 to 5 × 103 pL/s when there is no slip between the core and cladding inlet. The multiple adjustable microlens with a simple planar microfluidic structure can be used in integrated optics and lab-on-chip systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optofluidics 2015)
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