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Search Results (3)

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Keywords = in-body wireless channels

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13 pages, 1217 KiB  
Article
Optimization Scheme for Modulation of Data Transmission Module in Endoscopic Capsule
by Meiyuan Miao, Chen Ye, Zhiping Xu, Laiding Zhao and Jiafeng Yao
Sensors 2025, 25(15), 4738; https://doi.org/10.3390/s25154738 - 31 Jul 2025
Viewed by 136
Abstract
The endoscopic capsule is a miniaturized device used for medical diagnosis, which is less invasive compared to traditional gastrointestinal endoscopy and can reduce patient discomfort. However, it faces challenges in communication transmission, such as high power consumption, serious signal interference, and low data [...] Read more.
The endoscopic capsule is a miniaturized device used for medical diagnosis, which is less invasive compared to traditional gastrointestinal endoscopy and can reduce patient discomfort. However, it faces challenges in communication transmission, such as high power consumption, serious signal interference, and low data transmission rate. To address these issues, this paper proposes an optimized modulation scheme that is low-cost, low-power, and robust in harsh environments, aiming to improve its transmission rate. The scheme is analyzed in terms of the in-body channel. The analysis and discussion for the scheme in wireless body area networks (WBANs) are divided into three aspects: bit error rate (BER) performance, energy efficiency (EE), and spectrum efficiency (SE), and complexity. These correspond to the following issues: transmission rate, communication quality, and low power consumption. The results demonstrate that the optimized scheme is more suitable for improving the communication performance of endoscopic capsules. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Communication Technologies for Internet of Things and Wireless Sensor Networks)
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14 pages, 1665 KiB  
Article
Channel Modeling for In-Body Optical Wireless Communications
by Stylianos E. Trevlakis, Alexandros-Apostolos A. Boulogeorgos, Nestor D. Chatzidiamantis and George K. Karagiannidis
Telecom 2022, 3(1), 136-149; https://doi.org/10.3390/telecom3010009 - 4 Feb 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2974
Abstract
Next generation in-to-out-of body biomedical applications have adopted optical wireless communications (OWCs). However, by delving into the published literature, a gap is recognized in modeling the in-to-out-of channel, since most published contributions neglect the particularities of different types of tissues. In this paper, [...] Read more.
Next generation in-to-out-of body biomedical applications have adopted optical wireless communications (OWCs). However, by delving into the published literature, a gap is recognized in modeling the in-to-out-of channel, since most published contributions neglect the particularities of different types of tissues. In this paper, we present a novel pathloss and scattering models for in-to-out-of OWC links. Specifically, we derive extract analytical expressions that accurately describe the absorption of the five main tissues’ constituents, namely fat, water, melanin, and oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood. Moreover, we formulate a model for the calculation of the absorption coefficient of any generic biological tissue. Next, by incorporating the impact of scattering in the aforementioned model, we formulate the complete pathloss model. The developed model is verified by means of comparisons between the estimated pathloss and experimental measurements from independent research works. Finally, we illustrate the accuracy of the proposed model in estimating the optical properties of any generic tissue based on its constitution. The extracted channel model is expected to enable link budget analysis, performance analysis, and theoretical framework development, which will boost the design of optimized communication protocols for a plethora of biomedical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Modern Circuits and Systems Technologies on Communications 2021)
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15 pages, 2072 KiB  
Article
Evaluating Secrecy Capacity for In-Body Wireless Channels
by Muhammad Faheem Awan, Xiao Fang, Mehrab Ramzan, Niels Neumann, Qiong Wang, Dirk Plettemeier and Kimmo Kansanen
Entropy 2019, 21(9), 858; https://doi.org/10.3390/e21090858 - 3 Sep 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4132
Abstract
The next generation of implanted medical devices is expected to be wireless, bringing along new security threats. Thus, it is critical to secure the communication between legitimate nodes inside the body from a possible eavesdropper. This work assesses the feasibility of securing next [...] Read more.
The next generation of implanted medical devices is expected to be wireless, bringing along new security threats. Thus, it is critical to secure the communication between legitimate nodes inside the body from a possible eavesdropper. This work assesses the feasibility of securing next generation multi-nodal leadless cardiac pacemakers using physical layer security methods. The secure communication rate without leakage of information to an eavesdropper, referred to as secrecy capacity, depends on the signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of the eavesdropper and legitimate channels and will be used as a performance metric. Numerical electromagnetic simulations are utilized to compute the wireless channel models for the respective links. These channel models can be approximated with a log-normal distribution which can be used to evaluate the probability of positive secrecy capacity and the outage probability of this secrecy capacity. The channels are modeled for three different frequency bands and a comparison between their secrecy capacities is provided with respect to the eavesdropper distance. It has been found that the positive secrecy capacity is achievable within the personal space of the human body for all the frequency bands, with the medical implant communication systems (MICS) band outperforming others. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Information-Theoretic Security II)
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