Search Results (2)

The aim of this review was to harmonize major consensus statements (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2; Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019; Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Sarcopenia Project operational criteria) into a stage- and setting-stratified algorithm. It maps diagnostic strata to dose-defined resistance and combined training, integrates multimodal and technology-enabled options (whole-body electrical muscle stimulation, whole-body vibration, virtual reality, AI-assisted telerehabilitation) with safety cues, and embeds nutrition (≥1.2 g/kg/day protein, vitamin D, key micronutrients) and education to sustain adherence. Sarcopenia is a consequential geriatric syndrome linked to falls, loss of independence, hospitalization, mortality, and psychosocial burden, yet translation to practice is hindered by heterogeneous definitions, diagnostics, and treatment guidance. Literature searches via PubMed/MEDLINE, EBSCO, SciELO, and Google Scholar (January 2000 to August 2025) yielded 354 records; after screening and deduplication, 132 peer-reviewed studies were included. We summarize tools for screening, strength, muscle mass, and function (e.g., Sarcopenia Five-Item Questionnaire, grip strength, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, gait speed) and identify resistance exercise as the cornerstone, with aerobic, balance, and flexibility training adding functional and metabolic benefits. Clinic-ready tables and figures operationalize a stepwise program across primary to severe sarcopenia and across acute or iatrogenic to community settings. Early screening plus structured, exercise-centered care, augmented by targeted nutrition and education, offers pragmatic, scalable benefits. Full article

Falls are a social problem that increase healthcare costs. Hemodialysis (HD) patients need to avoid falling because fractures increase their risk of death. Nutritional problems such as frailty, sarcopenia, undernutrition, protein-energy wasting (PEW), and cachexia may increase the risk of falls and fractures in patients with HD. This review aimed to summarize the impact of frailty, sarcopenia, undernutrition, PEW, and cachexia on falls in HD patients. The reported global incidence of falls in HD patients is 0.85–1.60 falls per patient per year. HD patients fall frequently, but few reports have investigated the relationship between nutrition-related problems and falls. Several studies reported that frailty and undernutrition increase the risk of falls in HD patients. Nutritional therapy may help to prevent falls in HD patients. HD patients’ falls are caused by nutritional problems such as iatrogenic and non-iatrogenic factors. Falls increase a person’s fear of falling, reducing physical activity, which then causes muscle weakness and further decreased physical activity; this cycle can cause multiple falls. Further research is necessary to clarify the relationships between falls and sarcopenia, cachexia, and PEW. Routine clinical assessments of nutrition-related problems are crucial to prevent falls in HD patients. Full article