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Keywords = helical ventricular myocardial band

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12 pages, 1432 KiB  
Article
Myocardial Contraction during the Diastolic Isovolumetric Period: Analysis of Longitudinal Strain by Means of Speckle Tracking Echocardiography
by Vicente Mora, Ildefonso Roldán, Elena Romero, Assumpció Saurí, Diana Romero, Jana Pérez-Gozalbo, Natalia Ugalde, Javier Bertolín, Melisa Rodriguez-Israel, Carmen Pérez-Olivares Delgado and Jorge A. Lowenstein
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2018, 5(3), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd5030041 - 9 Aug 2018
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 5233
Abstract
Background: According to the ventricular myocardial band model, the diastolic isovolumetric period is a contraction phenomenon. Our objective was to employ speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) to analyze myocardial deformation of the left ventricle (LV) and to confirm if it supports the myocardial band model. [...] Read more.
Background: According to the ventricular myocardial band model, the diastolic isovolumetric period is a contraction phenomenon. Our objective was to employ speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) to analyze myocardial deformation of the left ventricle (LV) and to confirm if it supports the myocardial band model. Methods: This was a prospective observational study in which 90 healthy volunteers were recruited. We evaluated different types of postsystolic shortening (PSS) from an LV longitudinal strain study. Duration of latest deformation (LD) was calculated as the time from the start of the QRS complex of the ECG to the latest longitudinal deformation peak in the 18 segments of the LV. Results: The mean age of our subjects was 50.3 ± 11.1 years. PSS was observed in 48.4% of the 1620 LV segments studied (19.8%, 13.5%, and 15.1% in the basal, medial, and apical regions, respectively). PSS was more frequent in the basal, medial septal, and apical anteroseptal segments (>50%). LD peaked in the interventricular septum and in the basal segments of the LV. Conclusions: The pattern of PSS and LD revealed by STE suggests there is contraction in the postsystolic phase of the cardiac cycle. The anatomical location of the segments in which this contraction is most frequently observed corresponds to the main path of the ascending component of the myocardial band. This contraction can be attributed to the protodiastolic untwisting of the LV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Imaging and Electrophysiology of the Developing and Mature Cardiovascular System)
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29 pages, 8723 KiB  
Review
What Is the Heart? Anatomy, Function, Pathophysiology, and Misconceptions
by Gerald D. Buckberg, Navin C. Nanda, Christopher Nguyen and Mladen J. Kocica
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2018, 5(2), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd5020033 - 4 Jun 2018
Cited by 50 | Viewed by 39534
Abstract
Cardiac dynamics are traditionally linked to a left ventricle, right ventricle, and septum morphology, a topography that differs from the heart’s five-century-old anatomic description of containing a helix and circumferential wrap architectural configuration. Torrent Guasp’s helical ventricular myocardial band (HVMB) defines this anatomy [...] Read more.
Cardiac dynamics are traditionally linked to a left ventricle, right ventricle, and septum morphology, a topography that differs from the heart’s five-century-old anatomic description of containing a helix and circumferential wrap architectural configuration. Torrent Guasp’s helical ventricular myocardial band (HVMB) defines this anatomy and its structure, and explains why the heart’s six dynamic actions of narrowing, shortening, lengthening, widening, twisting, and uncoiling happen. The described structural findings will raise questions about deductions guiding “accepted cardiac mechanics”, and their functional aspects will challenge and overturn them. These suppositions include the LV, RV, and septum description, timing of mitral valve opening, isovolumic relaxation period, reasons for torsion/twisting, untwisting, reasons for longitudinal and circumferential strain, echocardiographic sub segmentation, resynchronization, RV function dynamics, diastolic dysfunction’s cause, and unrecognized septum impairment. Torrent Guasp’s revolutionary contributions may alter future understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Morphology of the Developing and Mature Cardiovascular System)
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