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Keywords = hUHTI

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25 pages, 7705 KiB  
Article
Diurnal Outdoor Thermal Comfort Mapping through Envi-Met Simulations, Remotely Sensed and In Situ Measurements
by Edoardo Fiorillo, Lorenzo Brilli, Federico Carotenuto, Letizia Cremonini, Beniamino Gioli, Tommaso Giordano and Marianna Nardino
Atmosphere 2023, 14(4), 641; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14040641 - 29 Mar 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4839
Abstract
Physiological equivalent temperature (PET) is one of most used indices for outdoor human well-being evaluation; its determination is particularly helpful for adaptation strategies in built-up areas affected by the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. In this work, we presented a methodology to compute [...] Read more.
Physiological equivalent temperature (PET) is one of most used indices for outdoor human well-being evaluation; its determination is particularly helpful for adaptation strategies in built-up areas affected by the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. In this work, we presented a methodology to compute spatially and temporally resolved PET values during a heatwave at the city level, based on a combination of satellite products, in situ measurements and Envi-met model runs upscaled from specific test areas to the broader city. The method exploits the ECOSTRESS sensor to detect surface thermal patterns at different diurnal times by developing an hourly based index called hUHTI (hourly urban heatwave thermal index) that serves as a proxy. A case study on Prato (Italy) municipality during the 2021 summer heatwave events is presented. Based on the available satellite products, a set of six hourly diurnal PET maps at 10 m spatial resolution were derived and daytime outdoor thermal patterns and trends were investigated according to land cover. hUHTI index resulted a more suitable tool as PET proxy compared to the sole ECOSTRESS land surface temperature (LST) product, especially for morning and evening times. Hourly PET maps were summarized by the use of an average exceedance map providing public administrations and stakeholders a synthetic tool for urban regeneration purposes at city scale. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Biometeorology)
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13 pages, 7904 KiB  
Article
Possible Effects and Mechanisms of Ultrasonic Cavitation on Oxide Inclusions during Direct-Chill Casting of an Al Alloy
by Yun Zhang, Ruiqing Li, Xiaoqian Li, Yilong Yang, Pinghu Chen, Fang Dong and Ripeng Jiang
Metals 2018, 8(10), 814; https://doi.org/10.3390/met8100814 - 11 Oct 2018
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4022
Abstract
Oxide films or inclusions can reduce the continuity and integrity of materials and they always lead to a significant reduction in the mechanical properties of an aluminum alloy. They can greatly reduce the plastic flow behavior of materials, thus affecting the subsequent processing [...] Read more.
Oxide films or inclusions can reduce the continuity and integrity of materials and they always lead to a significant reduction in the mechanical properties of an aluminum alloy. They can greatly reduce the plastic flow behavior of materials, thus affecting the subsequent processing performance. Therefore, an effective ultrasonic assisted preparation technology has been applied to industrial manufacturing of large-scale aluminum alloy ingots (with diameter: Φ = 1250 mm and height: h = 3750 mm). However, the mechanisms of ultrasonic purification on the large-scale ingots are not clear. Therefore, a number of aluminum alloy casting experiments were carried out to produce a conventional hot top semi-continuous ingot (CHTI) and an ultrasonic hot top semi-continuous ingot (UHTI) in this work. The microstructures of CHTI and UHTI were analyzed by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that there were some oxide film defects in the CHTI but some finely dispersed inclusion particles were discovered in the UHTI. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) data showed that the component of inclusion was Al2O3. According to the different cavitation effects of the different areas of the molten aluminum, the process of ultrasonic purification was divided into three periods and the mechanisms in each period were separately studied. Full article
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