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Search Results (3)

Search Parameters:
Keywords = fructose and sorbitol malabsorption

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15 pages, 1291 KiB  
Review
Carbohydrate Maldigestion and Intolerance
by Fernando Fernández-Bañares
Nutrients 2022, 14(9), 1923; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091923 - 4 May 2022
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 11607
Abstract
This review summarizes dietary carbohydrate intolerance conditions and recent advances on the possible role of carbohydrate maldigestion and dietary outcomes in patients with functional bowel disease. When malabsorbed carbohydrates reach the colon, they are fermented by colonic bacteria, with the production of short-chain [...] Read more.
This review summarizes dietary carbohydrate intolerance conditions and recent advances on the possible role of carbohydrate maldigestion and dietary outcomes in patients with functional bowel disease. When malabsorbed carbohydrates reach the colon, they are fermented by colonic bacteria, with the production of short-chain fatty acids and gas lowering colonic pH. The appearance of diarrhoea or symptoms of flatulence depends in part on the balance between the production and elimination of these fermentation products. Different studies have shown that there are no differences in the frequency of sugar malabsorption between patients with irritable bowel disease (IBS) and healthy controls; however, the severity of symptoms after a sugar challenge is higher in patients than in controls. A diet low in ‘Fermentable, Oligo-Di- and Monosaccharides and Polyols’ (FODMAPs) is an effective treatment for global symptoms and abdominal pain in IBS, but its implementation should be supervised by a trained dietitian. A ‘bottom-up’ approach to the low-FODMAP diet has been suggested to avoid an alteration of gut microbiota and nutritional status. Two approaches have been suggested in this regard: starting with only certain subgroups of the low-FODMAP diet based on dietary history or with a gluten-free diet. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Support in Digestive Diseases, and Nutritional Implications of Dietary Interventions)
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11 pages, 264 KiB  
Communication
Hydrogen Breath Tests: Are They Really Useful in the Nutritional Management of Digestive Disease?
by Paolo Usai-Satta, Francesco Oppia, Mariantonia Lai and Francesco Cabras
Nutrients 2021, 13(3), 974; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13030974 - 17 Mar 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4346
Abstract
Background: Carbohydrate malabsorption is a frequent digestive problem associated with abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhea. Hydrogen breath testing (BT) represents the most reliable and validated diagnostic technique. The aim of this manuscript was to clarify the usefulness of BTs in the nutritional management [...] Read more.
Background: Carbohydrate malabsorption is a frequent digestive problem associated with abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhea. Hydrogen breath testing (BT) represents the most reliable and validated diagnostic technique. The aim of this manuscript was to clarify the usefulness of BTs in the nutritional management of these disorders. Methods: A literature search for BT related to carbohydrate malabsorption was carried out using the online databases of Pubmed, Medline and Cochrane. Results: Lactose BT showed good sensitivity and optimal specificity for lactose malabsorption. However, an accurate diagnosis of lactose intolerance should require blind lactose challenge although this method is difficult to utilize in clinical practice. Regarding dose-depending fructose and sorbitol malabsorption, BTs could not add diagnostic advantage compared with a direct dietary intervention. In addition, carbohydrates are fundamental components of fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs). Before starting a low FODMAP diet, lactose BT should be suggested in a population with low prevalence of hypolactasia. Conclusions: BTs represent a valid and noninvasive technique in many digestive conditions. Regarding the management of carbohydrate intolerance, lactose BT can be recommended with some limitations. No sufficient evidence is available about the usefulness of BTs for other sugars in clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Pearls and Pitfalls of Gastrointestinal Diseases)
16 pages, 1567 KiB  
Review
Diagnosing and Treating Intolerance to Carbohydrates in Children
by Roberto Berni Canani, Vincenza Pezzella, Antonio Amoroso, Tommaso Cozzolino, Carmen Di Scala and Annalisa Passariello
Nutrients 2016, 8(3), 157; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8030157 - 10 Mar 2016
Cited by 58 | Viewed by 26308
Abstract
Intolerance to carbohydrates is relatively common in childhood, but still poorly recognized and managed. Over recent years it has come to the forefront because of progresses in our knowledge on the mechanisms and treatment of these conditions. Children with intolerance to carbohydrates often [...] Read more.
Intolerance to carbohydrates is relatively common in childhood, but still poorly recognized and managed. Over recent years it has come to the forefront because of progresses in our knowledge on the mechanisms and treatment of these conditions. Children with intolerance to carbohydrates often present with unexplained signs and symptoms. Here, we examine the most up-to-date research on these intolerances, discuss controversies relating to the diagnostic approach, including the role of molecular analysis, and provide new insights into modern management in the pediatric age, including the most recent evidence for correct dietary treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lactose Intolerance: Biology, Genetics and Dietary Management)
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