Search Results (3)

Histomorphometric measurements of the wall thickness and internal diameter of the macrovessels of the chorionic villi of placentas from pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia or fetal growth restriction in comparison with normotensive pregnancy. Methods: The research included placentas from singleton pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia and/or fetal growth restriction, women delivered in medical institutions in Karaganda city (Kazakhstan). Placentas were divided into three groups: PE (n = 59), isolated FGR (n = 24), and PE with FGR (n = 41). The control group consisted of normotensive pregnancies, compared by gestation period. Placental examination and selection of placental tissue fragments were carried out in accordance with the consensus recommendations of the Amsterdam Placental Workshop Group. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Masson trichrome. Morphometric measurements were performed using ImageJ software version 1.52p. Results: Our data showed that, in the PE group, there was a significant decrease in the wall thickness of the proximal and distal vessels with an increase in internal diameter compared with the control group (p < 0.01). In the PE + FGR group, there was a thickening of the wall of the proximal part of the vessels with a decrease in their lumen and a decrease in the wall thickness of the vessels with an increase in the lumen in the distal part compared with the control group (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Two histopatterns of placental macrovessels in preeclampsia were revealed: the histophenotype of diffuse (proximal and distal) ectatic macroangiopathy with a thin vascular wall with a decrease in the thickness of the muscle layer and the histophenotype of proximal fibromuscular sclerosis with vascular obliteration/spasm and distal ectatic macroangiopathy. We believe that significant structural differences in vascular remodeling may reflect the different temporal and spatial nature of the pathological factor. Future research is needed to investigate the associations between histopatterns of placental vascular remodeling in preeclampsia and long-term perinatal/maternal outcomes. Full article

The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th edition T-staging system for distal cholangiocarcinoma (DCC) proposes classification according to the depth of invasion (DOI); nevertheless, DOI measurement is complex and irreproducible. This study focused on the fibromuscular layer and evaluated whether the presence or absence of penetrating fibromuscular invasion of DCC contributes to recurrence and prognosis. In total, 55 patients pathologically diagnosed with DCC who underwent surgical resection from 2002 to 2022 were clinicopathologically examined. Subserosal layer and/or pancreatic (SS/Panc) invasion, defined as penetration of the fibromuscular layer and invasion of the subserosal layer or pancreas by the cancer, was assessed with other clinicopathological prognostic factors to investigate recurrence and prognostic factors. According to the AJCC 8th edition, there were 11 T1, 28 T2, and 16 T3 cases, with 44 (80%) cases of SS/Panc invasion. The DOI was not significantly different for both recurrence and prognostic factors. In the multivariate analysis, only SS/Panc was identified as an independent factor for prognosis (hazard ratio: 16.1; 95% confidence interval: 2.1–118.8, p = 0.006). In conclusion, while the determination of DOI in DCC does not accurately reflect recurrence and prognosis, the presence of SS/Panc invasion may contribute to the T-staging system. Full article

Background: The prostatic urethra (PU) is conventionally resected during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RALP). Recent studies demonstrated the feasibility of the extended PU preservation (EPUP). Aims: To describe the histologic features of the PU. Methods: The PU was evaluated using cystoprostatectomy and RALP specimens. Cases of PU infiltration by prostate cancer or distortion by benign hyperplastic nodules were excluded. The thickness of the chorion and distance between the urothelium and prostate glands were measured. Prostate-specific antigen expression in the PU epithelium was evaluated with immunohistochemistry. Descriptive statistics were used. Results: Six specimens of PU were examined. Histologically, the following layers of the PU were observed: (1) urothelium with basal membrane, (2) chorion, and (3) prostatic peri-urethral fibromuscular tissue. The chorion measures between 0.2 and 0.4 mm. There is not a distinct urethral muscle layer, but rather muscular fibers that originate near the prostatic stroma and are distributed around the PU. This muscular tissue appears to be mainly represented in the basal and apical urethra, but not in the middle urethra. The mean distance between the chorion and prostatic glands is 1.74 mm, with significant differences between base of the prostate, middle urethral portion, and apex (2.5 vs. 1.49 vs. 1.23 mm, respectively). PSA-expressing cells are abundant in the PU epithelium, coexisting with urothelial cells. Conclusions: The exiguity of thickness of the PU chorion, short distance from glandular tissue, and coexistence of PSA-expressing cells in the epithelium raise important concerns about the oncologic safety of EPUP. Full article