Search Results (2)

Antenatal inflammation/infection is a major cause of neonatal apnoea and hypoventilation. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE₂) is a key inflammatory mediator associated with depression of fetal and neonatal breathing. We aimed to determine whether antenatal ibuprofen, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor that reduces synthesis of PGE₂, restores fetal breathing movements (FBM) in late-gestation fetal sheep exposed to systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Fetal sheep (125 days gestation, d; term ~148 d) were instrumentally monitored for continuous measurement of FBM and physiological parameters. At 130 d fetuses were randomly allocated between groups receiving i.v. saline (CTL_SAL, n = 9), escalating doses of LPS (i.v.) over 3 days (LPS_SAL, n = 8), or ibuprofen one hour after each LPS dose (LPS_IBU, n = 8). Regular plasma samples were collected for PGE₂ assessment. At 135 d, cerebrospinal fluid and brainstem tissue were collected at autopsy for assessments of PGE₂ expression, and immunohistochemical quantification of astrocytes and microglia within key brainstem respiratory centres was performed to assess inflammation. LPS exposure increased PGE₂ levels in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid and the RTN/pFRG (p < 0.05) and decreased the incidence, amplitude and amount of the accentuated (>5 mmHg) FBMs. Ibuprofen reduced plasma and RTN/pFRG PGE₂ expression (p < 0.01 and p = 0.031, respectively) but did not restore FBMs. Astrocyte and microglial density increased in the RTN/pFRG, NTS and raphe nucleus in LPS_IBU fetuses, compared to LPS_SAL (p < 0.05). Antenatal ibuprofen treatment did not restore depressed FBM, despite reducing the circulating and brainstem PGE₂ levels in LPS-exposed fetal sheep. Other inflammatory pathways or more specific targeting of PGE₂ may be more effective in preventing apnoea caused by exposure to intrauterine infection/inflammation. Full article

The detailed assessment of fetal breathing movement (FBM) monitoring can be a pre-indicator of many critical cases in the third trimester of pregnancy. Standard 3D ultrasound monitoring is time-consuming for FBM detection. Therefore, this type of measurement is not common. The main goal of this research is to provide a comprehensive image about FBMs, which can also have potential for application in telemedicine. Fifty pregnancies were examined by phonography, and nearly 9000 FBMs were identified. In the case of male and female fetuses, 4740 and 3100 FBM episodes were detected, respectively. The measurements proved that FBMs are well detectable in the 20–30 Hz frequency band. For these episodes, an average duration of 1.008 ± 0.13 s (p < 0.03) was measured in the third trimester. The recorded material lasted for 16 h altogether. Based on these measurements, an accurate assessment of FBMs could be performed. The epochs can be divided into smaller-episode groups separated by shorter breaks. During the pregnancy, the rate of these breaks continuously decreases, and episode groups become more contiguous. However, there are significant differences between male and female fetuses. The proportion of the episodes which were classified into minimally 10-member episode groups was 19.7% for males and only 12.1% for females, even at the end of the third trimester. In terms of FBM detection, phonography offers a novel opportunity for long-term monitoring. Combined with cardiac diagnostic methods, it can be used for fetal activity assessment in the third trimester and make measurement appreciably easier than before. Full article