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Keywords = faulty nonce

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25 pages, 420 KB  
Article
GCM Variants with Robust Initialization Vectors
by Ping Zhang
Mathematics 2023, 11(24), 4888; https://doi.org/10.3390/math11244888 - 6 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1444
Abstract
The complexity and isomerization of communication networks have put forth new requirements for cryptographic schemes to ensure the operation of network security protocols. Robust cryptographic schemes have been gradually favored. The robust initialization vector (RIV) instead of the synthetic initialization vector (SIV) was [...] Read more.
The complexity and isomerization of communication networks have put forth new requirements for cryptographic schemes to ensure the operation of network security protocols. Robust cryptographic schemes have been gradually favored. The robust initialization vector (RIV) instead of the synthetic initialization vector (SIV) was first introduced to support strong security and robust authenticated encryption. This paper first introduces RIV to GCM-SIV1, proposes a robust variant, GCM-RIV1, and proves that it ensures birthday-bound subtle AE (SAE) security and nonce-misuse resistance. Then, to support beyond-birthday-bound (BBB) security with graceful degradation, we introduce another, stronger security variant, GCM-RIV2, and prove that it allows gracefully degrading BBB SAE security in the faulty nonce setting. Finally, the performance of GCM-RIV1 and GCM-RIV2 is discussed and compared. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Trends in Cryptography and Information Security)
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17 pages, 400 KB  
Article
GCM-SIV1.5: Optimal Tradeoff between GCM-SIV1 and GCM-SIV2
by Ping Zhang
Entropy 2023, 25(1), 107; https://doi.org/10.3390/e25010107 - 4 Jan 2023
Viewed by 2061
Abstract
GCM-SIV2 is a nonce-based beyond-birthday-bound (BBB)-secure authenticated encryption (AE) mode introduced by Iwata and Minematsu at FSE 2017. However, it is built by combining two instances of GCM-SIV1 and needs eight keys, which increases the costs of hardware and software implementation. This paper [...] Read more.
GCM-SIV2 is a nonce-based beyond-birthday-bound (BBB)-secure authenticated encryption (AE) mode introduced by Iwata and Minematsu at FSE 2017. However, it is built by combining two instances of GCM-SIV1 and needs eight keys, which increases the costs of hardware and software implementation. This paper aims to reduce these costs by optimizing components (such as key materials, hash calls, and block cipher calls) and proposes an optimal tradeoff between GCM-SIV1 and GCM-SIV2 called GCM-SIV1.5. Moreover, we introduce the faulty nonce setting to AE and prove the BBB security of GCM-SIV1.5 with graceful security degradation in the faulty nonce setting by mirror theory. Finally, we discuss advantages of GCM-SIV1.5. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Information Theory, Probability and Statistics)
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