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Keywords = energetic neutral atom imaging

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17 pages, 6239 KiB  
Article
Characterizing and Removing Ultra-Violet Contamination in Ion Observations on Board Tianwen-1
by Limin Wang, Lei Li, Wenya Li, Linggao Kong, Binbin Tang, Jijie Ma, Yiteng Zhang, Lianghai Xie, Aibing Zhang, Fuhao Qiao, Peter Wurz and André Galli
Atmosphere 2024, 15(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15010019 - 23 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1530
Abstract
The Mars Ion and Neutral Particle Analyzer (MINPA) onboard Tianwen-1 aims to study the interaction between Mars and the solar wind via in situ ion measurement and energetic neutral atom imaging. Despite the efforts for Ultra-Violet suppression in MINPA design, 0.48% of ion [...] Read more.
The Mars Ion and Neutral Particle Analyzer (MINPA) onboard Tianwen-1 aims to study the interaction between Mars and the solar wind via in situ ion measurement and energetic neutral atom imaging. Despite the efforts for Ultra-Violet suppression in MINPA design, 0.48% of ion observations from November 2021 to July 2022 were identified as UV-contaminated. The UV emissions primarily penetrate into the instrument through the ENA entrance. Statistically, the distribution of the UV contamination in phase space typically spans 3 to 4 azimuth sectors. The contamination is uniformly distributed across the polar dimension while, in the energy and mass dimensions, it is proportional to the time-of-flight duration. Comparisons between the in-flight performance and ground calibration suggest that azimuthal broadening and intensity variations of the contamination may result from differing responses across the azimuthal sectors. Based on the characteristics of the UV impact on MINPA ion observations, a removal algorithm is proposed to reduce contamination while preserving valid signals, which improves the data quality effectively and benefits the interpretation of MINPA’s ion measurements in the Martian space environment. The cause, effect, and distribution of the UV contamination obtained by this study may serve as a reference for other space ion observations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Planetary Atmospheres)
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12 pages, 2986 KiB  
Article
Simulation of Dynamic Evolution of Ring Current Ion Flux by a Lunar Base Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) Imaging
by Li Lu, Qinglong Yu, Shuai Jia, Zhong Xie, Jian Lan and Yuan Chang
Astronomy 2023, 2(3), 153-164; https://doi.org/10.3390/astronomy2030011 - 22 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1482
Abstract
The distribution of energetic ion flux in the ring current region, such as a meteorological cumulonimbus cloud, stores up the particle energy for a geomagnetic substorm. It is helpful to study the geomagnetic substorm mechanism by using a lunar base ENA imaging simulation [...] Read more.
The distribution of energetic ion flux in the ring current region, such as a meteorological cumulonimbus cloud, stores up the particle energy for a geomagnetic substorm. It is helpful to study the geomagnetic substorm mechanism by using a lunar base ENA imaging simulation of the dynamic evolution of the ring current, and establishing the corresponding relationship between key node events of the substorm. Based on the previous observation experience and our simulation results of the dynamic evolution of the ring current, we propose a macroscopic model of substorms related to the dynamic evolution of ring currents and present the possibility of confirming the causal sequence of some of those critical node events of substorms with the lunar base ENA imaging measurement. IBEX, operating in the ecliptic plane, may even give examples of the telemetry of ring current ion fluxes through ENA measurements during substorms/quiets. Full article
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14 pages, 2021 KiB  
Review
Energetic Neutral Atom Imaging of the Earth’s Ring Current and Some Results from the Chinese Double Star Program
by Zhiqing Chen, Chao Shen, Qiong Wu, Li Lu, Xianguo Zhang and Qinglong Yu
Magnetochemistry 2023, 9(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry9010029 - 12 Jan 2023
Viewed by 2224
Abstract
The ring current region in the Earth’s magnetosphere contains energetic charged particles, which are injected from the magnetotail, get trapped in the inner magnetosphere, and finally drift around the Earth. The current, essentially carried by ions, is caused by the differences between the [...] Read more.
The ring current region in the Earth’s magnetosphere contains energetic charged particles, which are injected from the magnetotail, get trapped in the inner magnetosphere, and finally drift around the Earth. The current, essentially carried by ions, is caused by the differences between the drift of the positively charged ions and that of negatively charged electrons. The charge exchange that occurs between ring current ions and geocoronal atoms determines the distribution and evolution of the ring current and lays the basis for remote detection techniques. By measuring the energetic neutral atoms produced by the charge-exchange process, the ring current can be remotely detected via energetic neutral atom imaging. The Chinese Double Star Program operated the NeUtral Atom Detector Unit (NUADU) onboard one of its two satellites for more than four years. A variety of studies were conducted using multiple methods applied to observations, such as intuitive image inspection, forward modeling, and inversion. Energetic neutral atom imaging was established as a promising technique for future imaging projects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnetodynamics of Space Plasmas)
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11 pages, 994 KiB  
Article
Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) Imaging Simulation of the Distant Planetary Magnetosphere and ENA Emission Discussion of the Solar Wind
by Li Lu, Qinglong Yu, Shuai Jia and Yuan Chang
Astronomy 2022, 1(3), 235-245; https://doi.org/10.3390/astronomy1030013 - 3 Nov 2022
Viewed by 3191
Abstract
We doubt whether the “Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) ribbon” signals, especially the peak ones, scanned remotely by IBEX-Hi at the lunar resonance orbit, are really from the heliopause, which involves assessing the scale of solar wind particle energy loss throughout the solar system. [...] Read more.
We doubt whether the “Energetic Neutral Atom (ENA) ribbon” signals, especially the peak ones, scanned remotely by IBEX-Hi at the lunar resonance orbit, are really from the heliopause, which involves assessing the scale of solar wind particle energy loss throughout the solar system. The ENA imaging simulation results at the Earth’s orbit show that the scale of the planetary magnetosphere with a telemetry distance of AU magnitude is too small to contribute to the IBEX-Hi ribbon. However, the simulated effective ENA differential fluxes provide a reference for the physical scale evaluation of the huge magnetic structure in the heliopause. The ENA differential flux of the “ENA emission cone” generated by the charge exchange between the solar wind ion flow and local neutral gas near the Earth’s orbit is also comparable to the measured peak of the IBEX-Hi ribbon, which may be the main ENA emission source of the ribbon’s measured peak. The 2D ENA imaging measurements at the Lagrange points proposed here can be used to investigate the ENA ribbon origination by using the energy spectral lag vs the disparity of the ENA images. Full article
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