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Keywords = dead-end forward osmosis

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17 pages, 4415 KB  
Article
Reverse Solute Diffusion Enhances Sludge Dewatering in Dead-End Forward Osmosis
by Da-Qi Cao, Shi-Cheng Lei, Hui Liu, Yan Jin, Yun-Feng Wu, Yuehua Cui and Rongling Wu
Membranes 2024, 14(9), 196; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes14090196 - 18 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1975
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants produce high quantities of excess sludge. However, traditional sludge dewatering technology has high energy consumption and occupies a large area. Dead-end forward osmosis (DEFO) is an efficient and energy-saving deep dewatering technology for sludge. In this study, the reverse osmosis [...] Read more.
Wastewater treatment plants produce high quantities of excess sludge. However, traditional sludge dewatering technology has high energy consumption and occupies a large area. Dead-end forward osmosis (DEFO) is an efficient and energy-saving deep dewatering technology for sludge. In this study, the reverse osmosis of salt ions in the draw solution was used to change the sludge cake structure and further reduce its moisture content in cake by releasing the bound water in cell. Three salts, NaCl, KCl, and CaCl2, were added to the excess sludge feed solution to explore the roles of the reverse osmosis of draw solutes in DEFO. When the added quantities of NaCl and CaCl2 were 15 and 10 mM, respectively, the moisture content of the sludge after dewatering decreased from 98.1% to 79.7% and 67.3%, respectively. However, KCl did not improve the sludge dewatering performance because of the “high K and low Na” phenomenon in biological cells. The water flux increased significantly for the binary draw solute involving NaCl and CaCl2 compared to the single draw solute. The extracellular polymer substances in the sludge changed the structure of the filter cake to improve the formation of water channels and decrease osmosis resistance, resulting in an increase in sludge dewatering efficiency. These findings provide support for improving the sludge dewatering performance of DEFO. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Membrane Separation and Water Treatment: Modeling and Application)
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15 pages, 3941 KB  
Article
Development of Polydopamine Forward Osmosis Membranes with Low Reverse Salt Flux
by Pelin Oymaci, Kitty Nijmeijer and Zandrie Borneman
Membranes 2020, 10(5), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes10050094 - 10 May 2020
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 6384
Abstract
Application of forward osmosis (FO) is limited due to membrane fouling and, most importantly, high reverse salt fluxes that deteriorate the concentrated product. Polydopamine (PDA) is a widely used, easily applicable, hydrophilic, adhesive antifouling coating. Among the coating parameters, surprisingly, the effect of [...] Read more.
Application of forward osmosis (FO) is limited due to membrane fouling and, most importantly, high reverse salt fluxes that deteriorate the concentrated product. Polydopamine (PDA) is a widely used, easily applicable, hydrophilic, adhesive antifouling coating. Among the coating parameters, surprisingly, the effect of PDA coating temperature on the membrane properties has not been well studied. Polyethersulfone (PES) 30 kDa ultrafiltration membranes were PDA-coated with varying dopamine concentrations (0.5–3 g/L) and coating temperatures (4–55 °C). The quality of the applied coating has been determined by surface properties, water permeability and reverse salt flux using a 1.2 M MgSO4 draw solution. The coating thickness increased both with the dopamine concentration and coating temperature, the latter having a remarkably stronger effect resulting in a higher PDA deposition speed and smaller PDA aggregates. In dead-end stirred cell, the membranes coated at 55 °C with 2.0 g/L dopamine showed NaCl and MgSO4 retentions of 41% and 93%, respectively. In crossflow FO, a low reverse MgSO4 flux (0.34 g/m2·h) was found making a very low specific reverse salt flux (Js/Jw) of 0.08 g/L, which outperformed the commercial CTA FO membranes, showing the strong benefit of high temperature PDA-coated PES membranes to assure high quality products. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Polymeric Membranes)
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