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Keywords = cavernous weathering

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9 pages, 4092 KiB  
Article
Research on the Water Inrush Mechanism and Grouting Reinforcement of a Weathered Trough in a Submarine Tunnel
by Feng Sun, Qian Fang, Pengfei Li, Rong Pan and Xiuyun Zhu
Buildings 2024, 14(8), 2432; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082432 - 7 Aug 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1057
Abstract
Based on the structural and geological characteristics of the F1 weathering trough of a submarine tunnel and its spatial relationship with the cavern, a simplified calculation model of the weathering trough water inrush was established, and the formation, development process and influencing factors [...] Read more.
Based on the structural and geological characteristics of the F1 weathering trough of a submarine tunnel and its spatial relationship with the cavern, a simplified calculation model of the weathering trough water inrush was established, and the formation, development process and influencing factors of the water inrush channel in the water-resistant rock layer were carried out by a numerical simulation of particle flow. It shows that the integrity and stability of the critical water-resistant rock mass is the key to preventing water inrush, and the identification and positioning of the water inrush channel is the basis for the grouting reinforcement design of the weathering groove of the submarine tunnel. Based on above research results, the F1 weathering trough was blocked and reinforced by the composite grouting method, and the engineering reinforcement effect was good. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Construction and Maintenance of Underground Structures)
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15 pages, 6827 KiB  
Article
Mathematical Simulation of Honeycomb Weathering via Moisture Transport and Salt Deposition
by Alexander Safonov and Kirill Minchenkov
Geosciences 2023, 13(6), 161; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences13060161 - 31 May 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3683
Abstract
Honeycomb weathering is a common phenomenon found on various rock surfaces all around the world. However, honeycomb formation mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this study, we propose a model describing moisture transport within the sandstone and erosion resulting from salt deposition during [...] Read more.
Honeycomb weathering is a common phenomenon found on various rock surfaces all around the world. However, honeycomb formation mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this study, we propose a model describing moisture transport within the sandstone and erosion resulting from salt deposition during evaporation of moisture off the rock surface. The moisture transport model is based on the non-linear diffusion equation, where the volumetric moisture content is a combined parameter accounting for the moisture and gas (vapor) content. The moisture transport model accounts for the several-orders-of-magnitude decrease in moisture diffusivity, observed during drying. It was assumed that erosion occurs when the evaporation front is located close to the rock surface. The depth of erosion is proportional to the moisture flow rate through the drying surface. The ABAQUS finite-element software suite was used for numerical solution of the non-linear diffusion equation. The iterative scheme of erosion simulation for different drying cycles was implemented using the Python programming language. Computations were conducted in the 2D setting for the square model with dimensions of 50 mm × 50 mm. Simulation results demonstrate the possibility of obtaining various landform shapes (honeycombs, tafoni) by varying only the value of the distribution of moisture content at the bottom side, simulating the rate of internal wetting of rock. Full article
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