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Novel Techniques, Biomarkers and Molecular Targets to Address Cardiometabolic Diseases
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Valerio Di Fiore, Federica Cappelli, Lavinia Del Punta, Nicolò De Biase, Silvia Armenia, Davide Maremmani, Tommaso Lomonaco, Denise Biagini, Alessio Lenzi, Matteo Mazzola, Domenico Tricò, Stefano Masi, Alessandro Mengozzi and Nicola Riccardo Pugliese
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Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are interrelated and multifactorial conditions, including arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes, heart failure, coronary artery disease, and stroke. Due to the burden of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with CMDs’ increasing prevalence, there is a critical need for novel diagnostic
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Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) are interrelated and multifactorial conditions, including arterial hypertension, type 2 diabetes, heart failure, coronary artery disease, and stroke. Due to the burden of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with CMDs’ increasing prevalence, there is a critical need for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in their management. In clinical practice, innovative methods such as epicardial adipose tissue evaluation, ventricular–arterial coupling, and exercise tolerance studies could help to elucidate the multifaceted mechanisms associated with CMDs. Similarly, epigenetic changes involving noncoding RNAs, chromatin modulation, and cellular senescence could represent both novel biomarkers and targets for CMDs. Despite the promising data available, significant challenges remain in translating basic research findings into clinical practice, highlighting the need for further investigation into the complex pathophysiology underlying CMDs.
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