Search Results (3)

The effects of different types of phosphate fertilization on the phosphorus (P) adsorption-desorption in low-P red soil remain unclear. A field plot location test was carried out, and fifteen red soil samples were collected at depths of 0–20 cm from five phosphate fertilizers (CK—no-phosphate, SSP—single superphosphate, CMP—calcium magnesium phosphate, MAP—monoammonium phosphate, and DAP—diammonium phosphate) after the maize was harvested to evaluate the soil physicochemical properties, P adsorption, and desorption characteristics. The structural equation model (SEM) and adjacent tree method (ABT) were used to quantitatively analyze the relative contribution of P adsorption and desorption. The yield, P accumulation, and the P use efficiency of maize were the highest under SSP and CMP treatments. The P adsorption amount was CK > DAP > MAP > CMP > SSP, and the P desorption amount was DAP > MAP > CMP > SSP > CK. Compared with the CK treatment, P adsorption of other P treatments reduced by an average of 21.4%, while P desorption increased by 154.8%. The effect of different types of phosphate fertilizers on soil P adsorption was mainly through regulation of soil organic matter (SOM) and Olsen P, and the effect on soil P desorption was mainly through regulation of SOM and CaCO₃. Al₂O₃ had the greatest effect on P adsorption with a relative contribution rate of 31.52%, and SOM had the greatest effect on P desorption with a relative contribution rate of 53.04%. SSP and CMP treatments had an optimal matching with acidic red soil, which can promote P adsorption, effectively slow down P loss, improve P utilization, and increase crop yield. Full article

With the rapid growth of livestock breeding, manure composting has evolved to be an important source of atmospheric methane (CH₄) which accelerates global warming. Calcium superphosphate (CaSSP), as a commonly used fertilizer, was proposed to be effective in reducing CH₄ emissions from manure composting, but the intrinsic biological mechanism remains unknown. Methanogens and methanotrophs both play a key role in mediating CH₄ fluxes, therefore we hypothesized that the CaSSP-mediated reduction in CH₄ emissions was attributed to the shift of methanogens and methanotrophs, which was regulated by physicochemical parameter changes. To test this hypothesis, a 60-day pig manure windrow composting experiment was conducted to investigate the response of CH₄ emissions to CaSSP amendment, with a close linkage to methanogenic and methanotrophic communities. Results showed that CaSSP amendment significantly reduced CH₄ emissions by 49.5% compared with the control over the whole composting period. The decreased mcrA gene (encodes the α-subunit of methyl-coenzyme M reductase) abundance in response to CaSSP amendment suggested that the CH₄ emissions were reduced primarily due to the suppressed microbial CH₄ production. Illumina MiSeq sequencing analysis showed that the overall distribution pattern of methanogenic and methanotrophic communities were significantly affected by CaSSP amendment. Particularly, the relative abundance of Methanosarcina that is known to be a dominant group for CH₄ production, significantly decreased by up to 25.3% accompanied with CaSSP addition. Only Type I methanotrophs was detected in our study and Methylocaldum was the dominant methanotrophs in this composting system; in detail, CaSSP amendment increased the relative abundance of OTUs belong to Methylocaldum and Methylobacter. Moreover, the increased SO₄²⁻ concentration and decreased pH acted as two key factors influencing the methanogenic and methanotrophic composition, with the former has a negative effect on methanogenesis growth and can later promote CH₄ oxidation at a low level. This study deepens our understanding of the interaction between abiotic factors, function microbiota and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as well as provides implication for practically reducing composting GHG emissions. Full article

Composting is recognized as an effective strategy for the sustainable use of organic wastes, but also as an important emission source of nitrous oxide (N₂O) contributing to global warming. The effects of calcium superphosphate (CaSSP) on N₂O production during composting are reported to be controversial, and the intrinsic microbial mechanism remains unclear. Here, a pig manure windrow composting experiment lasting for ~60 days was performed to evaluate the effects of CaSSP amendment (5%, w/w) on N₂O fluxes in situ, and to determine the denitrifiers’ response, and their driving factors. Results indicated that CaSSP amendment significantly reduced N₂O emissions as compared to the control pile (maximum N₂O emission rate reduced by 64.5% and total emission decreased by 49.8%). CaSSP amendment reduced the abundance of nirK gene encoding for nitrite reductase, while the abundance of nosZ gene (N₂O reductase) was enriched. Finally, we built a schematic model and indicated that the abundance of nirK gene was likely to play a key role in mediating N₂O production, which were correlated with NH₄⁺-N and NO₃⁻-N changing responsive to CaSSP. Our finding implicates that CaSSP application could be a potential strategy for N₂O mitigation in manure windrow composting, and the revealed microbial mechanism is helpful for deepening the understanding of the interaction among N-cycle functional genes, physicochemical factors, and greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Full article