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16 pages, 1546 KB  
Review
Application of Chitosan and Its Derivative Polymers in Clinical Medicine and Agriculture
by Meng Zhang, Fengshi Zhang, Ci Li, Heng An, Teng Wan and Peixun Zhang
Polymers 2022, 14(5), 958; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14050958 - 28 Feb 2022
Cited by 83 | Viewed by 8996
Abstract
Chitosan is a biodegradable natural polymer derived from the exoskeleton of crustaceans. Because of its biocompatibility and non-biotoxicity, chitosan is widely used in the fields of medicine and agriculture. With the latest technology and technological progress, different active functional groups can be connected [...] Read more.
Chitosan is a biodegradable natural polymer derived from the exoskeleton of crustaceans. Because of its biocompatibility and non-biotoxicity, chitosan is widely used in the fields of medicine and agriculture. With the latest technology and technological progress, different active functional groups can be connected by modification, surface modification, or other configurations with various physical, chemical, and biological properties. These changes can significantly expand the application range and efficacy of chitosan polymers. This paper reviews the different uses of chitosan, such as catheter bridging to repair nerve broken ends, making wound auxiliaries, as tissue engineering repair materials for bone or cartilage, or as carriers for a variety of drugs to expand the volume or slow-release and even show potential in the fight against COVID-19. In addition, it is also discussed that chitosan in agriculture can improve the growth of crops and can be used as an antioxidant coating because its natural antibacterial properties are used alone or in conjunction with a variety of endophytic bacteria and metal ions. Generally speaking, chitosan is a kind of polymer material with excellent development prospects in medicine and agriculture. Full article
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21 pages, 2530 KB  
Review
The Right Ventricle—You May Forget It, But It Will Not Forget You
by Patrick M. Wanner and Miodrag Filipovic
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(2), 432; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020432 - 5 Feb 2020
Cited by 36 | Viewed by 7350
Abstract
Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and failure are common and often overlooked causes of perioperative deterioration and adverse outcomes. Due to its unique pathophysiologic underpinnings, RV failure often does not respond to typical therapeutic measures such as volume resuscitation and often worsens when therapy [...] Read more.
Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and failure are common and often overlooked causes of perioperative deterioration and adverse outcomes. Due to its unique pathophysiologic underpinnings, RV failure often does not respond to typical therapeutic measures such as volume resuscitation and often worsens when therapy is escalated and mechanical ventilation is begun, with a danger of irreversible cardiovascular collapse and death. The single most important factor in improving outcomes in the context of RV failure is anticipating and recognizing it. Once established, a vicious circle of systemic hypotension, and RV ischemia and dilation is set in motion, rapidly spiraling down into a state of shock culminating in multi-organ failure and ultimately death. Therapy of RV failure must focus on rapidly reestablishing RV coronary perfusion, lowering pulmonary vascular resistance and optimizing volemia. In parallel, underlying reversible causes should be sought and if possible treated. In all stages of diagnostics and therapy, echocardiography plays a central role. In severe cases of RV dysfunction there remains a role for the use of the pulmonary artery catheter. When these mostly simple measures are undertaken in a timely fashion, the spiral of death of RV failure can often be broken or even prevented altogether. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anesthesia for the High-Risk Patient)
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3 pages, 620 KB  
Case Report
Revascularization After Removal of Broken Catheter from Left Circumflex Coronary Artery
by Manjunath C. Nanjappa, Prabhavathi Bhat and Arunkumar Panneerselvam
Cardiovasc. Med. 2011, 14(7), 222; https://doi.org/10.4414/cvm.2011.01603 - 10 Aug 2011
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 90
Abstract
Coronary angiography is the gold standard for diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Though it is a relatively safe procedure, complications can occur. We present an unusual case of a dehisced radio opaque ring from the diagnostic angiography catheter i nto the left circumflex [...] Read more.
Coronary angiography is the gold standard for diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Though it is a relatively safe procedure, complications can occur. We present an unusual case of a dehisced radio opaque ring from the diagnostic angiography catheter i nto the left circumflex artery. It was successfully retrieved with a guidewire and a balloon catheter and revascularization was done in the same setting. Full article
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