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Keywords = bioupgrading

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15 pages, 2977 KiB  
Article
Tolerance and Metabolization of High-Concentration Heavy Crude Oil High-Concentration Heavy Crude Oil by Bacillus subtilis
by César Antonio Sáez-Navarrete and Jessica Zerimar Cáceres-Zambrano
Microorganisms 2025, 13(7), 1520; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13071520 - 29 Jun 2025
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Abstract
In this comprehensive study, we investigated the degradation capacity and tolerance of the bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis in culture media with high concentrations of heavy crude oil (HCO) as the sole carbon source. Using a meticulously designed experimental approach conducted at room temperature [...] Read more.
In this comprehensive study, we investigated the degradation capacity and tolerance of the bacterial strain Bacillus subtilis in culture media with high concentrations of heavy crude oil (HCO) as the sole carbon source. Using a meticulously designed experimental approach conducted at room temperature (25 °C), we systematically examined various culture media with HCO concentrations of 20%, 35%, and 50% v/v over a 10-week period. The results revealed the microorganism’s remarkable resistance to these HCO concentrations. Biotransformation capacity was confirmed by quantifying CO2 production via gas chromatography, showing substantial bioconversion with a 42% increase in CO2 production. Additionally, changes in surface tension were monitored using the Du Noüy ring method, showing a reduction in the aqueous phase tension from 72.3 to 47.43 mN/m. At the end of the bioconversion period, all treated samples exhibited visible emulsification, indicative of biosurfactant production. This phenomenon was consistent with the observed decrease in surface tension, providing further evidence of biosurfactant-mediated mechanisms. These findings highlight the immense biotechnological potential of B. subtilis to address HCO-related challenges, offering promising prospects for crude oil bioremediation and bioupgrading. Full article
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