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15 pages, 7851 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of the Variability of Vibration Measurement Results in Rolling Bearing Quality Control

by Paweł Zmarzły, Mateusz Wrzochal and Stanisław Adamczak

Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(2), 904; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15020904 - 17 Jan 2025

Viewed by 962

The final result of rolling bearing quality control is influenced by many factors that are not always taken into account. If non-conforming products leave the factory, then the reliability of equipment containing rolling bearings is significantly weakened. The paper presents an analysis of the reasons for the variability of vibration measurement results in rolling bearing quality control. The paper describes the organisation of rolling bearing acceptance inspection on the production line and its place in the rolling bearing production process. The study evaluates the influence of the measuring device and the location of the sensor on the result of the rolling bearing vibration monitoring process. The problem of repeatability and reproducibility of rolling bearing vibration measurement was also investigated. On the basis of the obtained results, conclusions were drawn regarding the improvement of the quality control process of rolling bearings in production plants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Friction and Lubrication: Surfaces, Bearings and Gears)

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21 pages, 3212 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Prospecting the Resilience of Several Spanish Ancient Varieties of Red Grape under Climate Change Scenarios

by María Carmen Antolín, Eduardo Salinas, Ana Fernández, Yolanda Gogorcena, Inmaculada Pascual, Juan José Irigoyen and Nieves Goicoechea

Plants 2022, 11(21), 2929; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11212929 - 31 Oct 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2098

Abstract

Background: Climate change results in warmer air temperatures and an uncertain amount and distribution of annual precipitations, which will directly impact rainfed crops, such as the grapevine. Traditionally, ancient autochthones grapevine varieties have been substituted by modern ones with higher productivity. However, this homogenization of genotypes reduces the genetic diversity of vineyards which could make their ability to adapt to challenges imposed by future climate conditions difficult. Therefore, this work aimed to assess the response of four ancient grapevine varieties to high temperatures under different water availabilities, focusing on plant water relations, grape technological and phenolic maturity, and the antioxidant capacity of the must. Methods: The study was conducted on fruit-bearing cuttings grown in pots in temperature-gradient greenhouses. A two-factorial design was established where two temperature regimes, ambient and elevated (ambient + 4 °C), were combined with two water regimes, full irrigation and post-veraison deficit irrigation, during fruit ripening. Results: There were significant differences among the ancient varieties regarding plant water relations and fruit quality. Conclusion: This research underlines the importance of evaluating the behavior of ancient grapevine varieties that could offer good options for the adaptation of viticulture to future climate conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Responses to Future Climate Scenarios)

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20 pages, 7525 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Non-Destructive Evaluation of the Cutting Surface of Hardwood Finger Joints

by Hannes Stolze, Michael Gurnik, Tim Koddenberg, Jonas Kröger, Robert Köhler, Wolfgang Viöl and Holger Militz

Sensors 2022, 22(10), 3855; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103855 - 19 May 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2318

Abstract

In this study, the surface parameters wettability, roughness, and adhesive penetration, which are important for wood bonding, were investigated and evaluated utilizing non-destructive methods after different mechanical processing. For this purpose, beech and birch finger joints were prepared with different cutting combinations (three cutters with different sharpness levels and two feed rates) in an industrial process. Effects and interactions on the surface parameters resulting from the different cutting combinations were evaluated using three Full Factorial Designs. The various cutting parameters had a predominantly significant influence on the surface parameters. The effects and identified interactions highlight the complexity of the cutting surface and the importance of wood bonding. In this respect, a new finding is that with sharper cutters, higher contact angles of the adhesives occur. The methods (contact angle measurement, laser scanning microscopy, and brightfield microscopy) used were well suited to make effects visible and quantifiable, which can be of interest for the quality control of the wood processing industry. The results can help to better understand and evaluate the design of wood surfaces via machining and the bonding of hardwoods. Possibly the results can contribute to further standardizing the production of load-bearing hardwood finger joints and making them more efficient. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nondestructive Evaluation of Wood-Based Materials and Timber Structures)

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11 pages, 998 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Application of Wavelet Packet Entropy Flow Manifold Learning in Bearing Factory Inspection Using the Ultrasonic Technique

by Xiaoguang Chen, Dan Liu, Guanghua Xu, Kuosheng Jiang and Lin Liang

Sensors 2015, 15(1), 341-351; https://doi.org/10.3390/s150100341 - 26 Dec 2014

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 6664

Abstract

For decades, bearing factory quality evaluation has been a key problem and the methods used are always static tests. This paper investigates the use of piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers (PUT) as dynamic diagnostic tools and a relevant signal classification technique, wavelet packet entropy (WPEntropy) flow manifold learning, for the evaluation of bearing factory quality. The data were analyzed using wavelet packet entropy (WPEntropy) flow manifold learning. The results showed that the ultrasonic technique with WPEntropy flow manifold learning was able to detect different types of defects on the bearing components. The test method and the proposed technique are described and the different signals are analyzed and discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ultrasonic Sensors and Transducers for Applications in Biology, Medicine and NDT)

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