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Keywords = aorto-atrial fistula

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10 pages, 4882 KiB  
Case Report
Left-to-Left Acquired Cardiac Shunt: Aorto-Left Atrial Fistula Due to Aortic Infective Endocarditis in a Dog
by Teodora Popa, Cosmin Petru Peștean, Irina Constantin, Alexandra Cofaru, Raluca Murariu, Flaviu-Alexandru Tăbăran and Iuliu Călin Scurtu
Animals 2024, 14(17), 2451; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14172451 - 23 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1193
Abstract
Infective endocarditis is a severe but rarely diagnosed disease, characterized by the presence of bacterial infection at the level of the cardiac valves. Although the incidence of the disease is very low, the consequences are severe and the prognosis is very poor, outlining [...] Read more.
Infective endocarditis is a severe but rarely diagnosed disease, characterized by the presence of bacterial infection at the level of the cardiac valves. Although the incidence of the disease is very low, the consequences are severe and the prognosis is very poor, outlining a high mortality rate among cases. The present report highlights the case of a 7-year-old dog presented with abrupt changes in the respiratory pattern, obtunded and in lateral recumbency. The physical examination of the patient revealed fever and a IV/VI systolic heart murmur, with the point of maximal intensity on the left hemithorax. Echocardiography identified hyperechoic and cavitary changes beneath the aortic valves and a retrograde turbulent jet originating in the left ventricle outflow tract communicating with the left atrium through a rupture in the aortomitral intervalvular wall. Because of very unstable hemodynamic changes, the dog suddenly died despite the initiation of intensive care supportive treatment, and the postmortem evaluation of the heart confirms the suspicion of infective aortic endocarditis with the development of a paravalvular abscess and an aorto-left atrial fistula. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Clinical Pathology in Animals)
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7 pages, 3431 KiB  
Technical Note
Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm: Different Modes of Presentation and Techniques of Repair
by Thierry Carrel
J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis. 2024, 11(4), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd11040100 - 27 Mar 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2201
Abstract
A sinus of valsalva aneurysm (SVA) is an asymmetrical dilatation of the aortic root located between the aortic valve anulus and the sino-tubular junction. Congenital weakness of the elastic lamina in the aortic media layer or trauma and infection as acquired events are [...] Read more.
A sinus of valsalva aneurysm (SVA) is an asymmetrical dilatation of the aortic root located between the aortic valve anulus and the sino-tubular junction. Congenital weakness of the elastic lamina in the aortic media layer or trauma and infection as acquired events are the most principal causes of SVA. Presentation may be acute when rupture has occurred or SVA may be discovered fortuitously on echocardiography or CT scan when patients are examined because of unspecific chest pains, dyspnea or arrhythmias. Although endovascular treatment has been performed successfully in individual cases, surgical closure of the aneurysm aiming at preservation of the aortic valve whenever possible is the established procedure. This short report emphasizes the fact that individual treatment is required when SVA need to be operated, depending on the presentation, the location and the size of the finding. Surgery may consist of simple patch closure, bilateral tunnel closure (entry and exit) or more radical operation like Bentall in case the whole aortic root should be addressed. Overall results are excellent, independently of the clinical presentation (acute or elective) with a mortality approaching zero. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cardiac Surgery)
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