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Keywords = ambisense S genome

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15 pages, 2939 KiB  
Article
Generation of a GFP Reporter Akabane Virus with Enhanced Fluorescence Intensity by Modification of Artificial Ambisense S Genome
by Akiko Takenaka-Uema, Shin Murakami, Nanako Ushio, Tomoya Kobayashi-Kitamura, Masashi Uema, Kazuyuki Uchida and Taisuke Horimoto
Viruses 2019, 11(7), 634; https://doi.org/10.3390/v11070634 - 10 Jul 2019
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 6246
Abstract
We previously generated a recombinant reporter Akabane virus expressing enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP-AKAV), with an artificial S genome encoding eGFP in the ambisense RNA. Although the eGFP-AKAV was able to detect infected cells in in vivo histopathological study, its fluorescent signal was [...] Read more.
We previously generated a recombinant reporter Akabane virus expressing enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP-AKAV), with an artificial S genome encoding eGFP in the ambisense RNA. Although the eGFP-AKAV was able to detect infected cells in in vivo histopathological study, its fluorescent signal was too weak to apply to in vivo imaging study. Here, we successfully generated a modified reporter, eGFP/38-AKAV, with 38-nucleotide deletion of the internal region of the 5′ untranslated region of S RNA. The eGFP/38-AKAV expressed higher intensity of eGFP fluorescence both in vitro and in vivo than the original eGFP-AKAV did. In addition, eGFP/38-AKAV was pathogenic in mice at a comparable level to that in wild-type AKAV. In the mice infected with eGFP/38-AKAV, the fluorescent signals, i.e., the virus-infected cells, were detected in the central nervous system using the whole-organ imaging. Our findings indicate that eGFP/38-AKAV could be used as a powerful tool to help elucidate the dynamics of AKAV in vivo. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Animal Viruses)
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15 pages, 5781 KiB  
Article
Mammarenaviral Infection Is Dependent on Directional Exposure to and Release from Polarized Intestinal Epithelia
by Nikole L. Warner, Jenny D. Jokinen, Juliane I. Beier, Kevin J. Sokoloski and Igor S. Lukashevich
Viruses 2018, 10(2), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/v10020075 - 10 Feb 2018
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4597
Abstract
Mammarenavirusesare single-stranded RNA viruses with a bisegmented ambisense genome. Ingestion has been shown as a natural route of transmission for both Lassa virus (LASV) and Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Due to the mechanism of transmission, epithelial tissues are among the first host cells [...] Read more.
Mammarenavirusesare single-stranded RNA viruses with a bisegmented ambisense genome. Ingestion has been shown as a natural route of transmission for both Lassa virus (LASV) and Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). Due to the mechanism of transmission, epithelial tissues are among the first host cells to come in contact with the viruses, and as such they potentially play a role in spread of virus to naïve hosts. The role of the intestinal epithelia during arenavirus infection remains to be uncharacterized. We have utilized a well-established cell culture model, Caco-2, to investigate the role of intestinal epithelia during intragastric infection. We found that LCMV-Armstrong, LCMV-WE, and Mopeia (MOPV) release infectious progeny via similar patterns. However, the reassortant virus, ML-29, containing the L segment of MOPV and S segment of LASV, exhibits a unique pattern of viral release relative to LCMV and MOPV. Furthermore, we have determined attachment efficacy to Caco-2 cells is potentially responsible for observed replication kinetics of these viruses in a polarized Caco-2 cell model. Collectively, our data shows that viral dissemination and interaction with intestinal epithelia may be host, tissue, and viral specific. Full article
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