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Keywords = alkaliphilic and alkali-tolerant fungi

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23 pages, 8423 KiB  
Review
Alkaliphilic/Alkali-Tolerant Fungi: Molecular, Biochemical, and Biotechnological Aspects
by Maikel Gilberto Fernández-López, Ramón Alberto Batista-García and Elva Teresa Aréchiga-Carvajal
J. Fungi 2023, 9(6), 652; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9060652 - 9 Jun 2023
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4652
Abstract
Biotechnologist interest in extremophile microorganisms has increased in recent years. Alkaliphilic and alkali-tolerant fungi that resist alkaline pH are among these. Alkaline environments, both terrestrial and aquatic, can be created by nature or by human activities. Aspergillus nidulans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are the [...] Read more.
Biotechnologist interest in extremophile microorganisms has increased in recent years. Alkaliphilic and alkali-tolerant fungi that resist alkaline pH are among these. Alkaline environments, both terrestrial and aquatic, can be created by nature or by human activities. Aspergillus nidulans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are the two eukaryotic organisms whose pH-dependent gene regulation has received the most study. In both biological models, the PacC transcription factor activates the Pal/Rim pathway through two successive proteolytic mechanisms. PacC is a repressor of acid-expressed genes and an activator of alkaline-expressed genes when it is in an active state. It appears, however, that these are not the only mechanisms associated with pH adaptations in alkali-tolerant fungi. These fungi produce enzymes that are resistant to harsh conditions, i.e., alkaline pH, and can be used in technological processes, such as in the textile, paper, detergent, food, pharmaceutical, and leather tanning industries, as well as in bioremediation of pollutants. Consequently, it is essential to understand how these fungi maintain intracellular homeostasis and the signaling pathways that activate the physiological mechanisms of alkali resistance in fungi. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Extremophile Fungi: An Arising Novel Field in Perspective)
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16 pages, 1736 KiB  
Article
Exploring Peptaibol’s Profile, Antifungal, and Antitumor Activity of Emericellipsin A of Emericellopsis Species from Soda and Saline Soils
by Anastasia E. Kuvarina, Irina A. Gavryushina, Maxim A. Sykonnikov, Tatiana A. Efimenko, Natalia N. Markelova, Elena N. Bilanenko, Sofiya A. Bondarenko, Lyudmila Y. Kokaeva, Alla V. Timofeeva, Marina V. Serebryakova, Anna S. Barashkova, Eugene A. Rogozhin, Marina L. Georgieva and Vera S. Sadykova
Molecules 2022, 27(5), 1736; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051736 - 7 Mar 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3191
Abstract
Features of the biochemical adaptations of alkaliphilic fungi to exist in extreme environments could promote the production of active antibiotic compounds with the potential to control microorganisms, causing infections associated with health care. Thirty-eight alkaliphilic and alkalitolerant Emericellopsis strains (E. alkalina, [...] Read more.
Features of the biochemical adaptations of alkaliphilic fungi to exist in extreme environments could promote the production of active antibiotic compounds with the potential to control microorganisms, causing infections associated with health care. Thirty-eight alkaliphilic and alkalitolerant Emericellopsis strains (E. alkalina, E. cf. maritima, E. cf. terricola, Emericellopsis sp.) isolated from different saline soda soils and belonging to marine, terrestrial, and soda soil ecological clades were investigated for emericellipsin A (EmiA) biosynthesis, an antifungal peptaibol previously described for Emericellopsis alkalina. The analysis of the Emericellopsis sp. strains belonging to marine and terrestrial clades from chloride soils revealed another novel form with a mass of 1032.7 Da, defined by MALDI-TOF Ms/Ms spectrometers, as the EmiA lacked a hydroxyl (dEmiA). EmiA displayed strong inhibitory effects on cell proliferation and viability of HCT 116 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manners and induced apoptosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbial Natural Products: A Promising Source for Medical Application)
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15 pages, 10884 KiB  
Article
Proline-Specific Fungal Peptidases: Genomic Analysis and Identification of Secreted DPP4 in Alkaliphilic and Alkalitolerant Fungi
by Nikita Alkin, Yakov Dunaevsky, Elena Elpidina, Galina Beljakova, Valeria Tereshchenkova, Irina Filippova and Mikhail Belozersky
J. Fungi 2021, 7(9), 744; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7090744 - 10 Sep 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2729
Abstract
Proline-specific peptidases (PSP) play a crucial role in the processing of fungal toxins, pheromones, and intracellular signaling. They are of particular interest to biotechnology, as they are able to hydrolyze proline-rich oligopeptides that give a bitter taste to food and can also cause [...] Read more.
Proline-specific peptidases (PSP) play a crucial role in the processing of fungal toxins, pheromones, and intracellular signaling. They are of particular interest to biotechnology, as they are able to hydrolyze proline-rich oligopeptides that give a bitter taste to food and can also cause an autoimmune celiac disease. We performed in silico analysis of PSP homologs in the genomes of 42 species of higher fungi which showed the presence of PSP homologs characteristic of various kingdoms of living organisms and belonging to different families of peptidases, including homologs of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) and prolyl aminopeptidase 1 found in almost all the studied fungal species. Homologs of proliniminopeptidases from the S33 family absent in humans were also found. Several studied homologs are characteristic of certain taxonomic groups of fungi. Phylogenetic analysis suggests a duplication of ancestral DPP4 into transmembrane and secreted versions, which predate the split of ascomycete and basidiomycete lineages. Comparative biochemical analysis of DPP4 in alkaliphilic and alkali-tolerant strains of fungi showed that, notwithstanding some individual features of these enzymes, in both cases, the studied DPP4 are active and stable under alkaline conditions and at high salt concentrations, which makes them viable candidates for biotechnology and bioengineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fungal Enzymes 2021)
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