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Keywords = abrupt-tapered interferometers

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6 pages, 3629 KB  
Communication
High Sensitivity Fiber Interferometric Strain Sensors Based on Elongated Fiber Abrupt Tapers
by Haimiao Zhou, Ya-Pei Peng and Nan-Kuang Chen
Micromachines 2022, 13(7), 1015; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13071015 - 27 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1780
Abstract
We demonstrate high-sensitivity fiber strain sensors based on an elongated abrupt taper. The fiber abrupt taper, with a tapered diameter ranging from 40–60 μm, was made by using a hydrogen microflame to break the waveguide adiabaticity so as to convert the fundamental mode [...] Read more.
We demonstrate high-sensitivity fiber strain sensors based on an elongated abrupt taper. The fiber abrupt taper, with a tapered diameter ranging from 40–60 μm, was made by using a hydrogen microflame to break the waveguide adiabaticity so as to convert the fundamental mode into cladding modes. The abrupt taper was further uniformly tapered by using a normal moving flame with a torch diameter of 7 mm to elongate the tapered region until the tapered diameter was down to 2.5–5 μm. The excited high-order modes were confined to propagate along the cladding and then recombined at the rear edge of the fiber taper to produce interferences with extinction ratios of up to 16 dB. The tapered region was pulled outwardly to change the optical path difference (OPD) between modes to measure the tensile strain with all the interfering wavelengths blue-shifted. The measured best strain sensitivity was 116.21 pm/με and the coefficient of determination R2 of linear fitting exhibits high linearity. This strain sensor based on elongated abrupt taper is several times higher than that of most of the fiber strain sensors ever reported. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Sensing and Devices)
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10 pages, 1938 KB  
Communication
Micro-Tapered Fiber Few-Mode Interferometers Incorporated by Molecule Self-Assembly Fiber Grating for Temperature Sensing Applications
by Haimiao Zhou, Lina Suo, Ya-Pei Peng, Fan Yang, Shijie Ren, Nan-Kuang Chen, Xinhe Lu, B.M.A. Rahman and K.T.V. Grattan
Photonics 2022, 9(2), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics9020096 - 7 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3177
Abstract
We demonstrate fiber few-mode interferometers based on a self-assembly surface corrugated grating using charged nano-particles. Initially, an abrupt taper (AT) was first created using a micro flame. The AT was then further outwardly stretched to make an elongated uniformed taper until the tapered [...] Read more.
We demonstrate fiber few-mode interferometers based on a self-assembly surface corrugated grating using charged nano-particles. Initially, an abrupt taper (AT) was first created using a micro flame. The AT was then further outwardly stretched to make an elongated uniformed taper until the tapered diameter achieved a micron scale. The high order core modes (HOCMs) were excited at the AT and the optical path difference (OPD) among the modes was enlarged through the uniformed taper to achieve the few-mode interference effects seen. However, to significantly enhance the interference effects with higher extinction ratios (ER) over such a short length of interferometer, an external assisted grating was made using charged nanoparticles to form surface corrugated grating with a period, Λ, of approximately 14 μm. This intermediate period of the fiber grating was helpful in scattering and attenuating some unwanted high-order modes to change the optical characteristics of the few-mode interferometer (FMI). This FMI with a self-assembly fiber grating (SAFG) was further used to make fiber temperature sensors, with a maximum resonant wavelength shift of 4.6 nm, over a temperature range from 20–60 °C. The temperature sensitivity achieved was 112.6 pm/°C and the coefficient of determination, R2, was as high as 0.99, which revealed the high linearity of the results. Full article
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9 pages, 556 KB  
Article
A Sensitivity-Enhanced Refractive Index Sensor Using a Single-Mode Thin-Core Fiber Incorporating an Abrupt Taper
by Jie Shi, Shilin Xiao, Lilin Yi and Meihua Bi
Sensors 2012, 12(4), 4697-4705; https://doi.org/10.3390/s120404697 - 11 Apr 2012
Cited by 41 | Viewed by 7986
Abstract
A sensitivity-enhanced fiber-optic refractive index (RI) sensor based on a tapered single-mode thin-core diameter fiber is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The sensor head is formed by splicing a section of tapered thin-core diameter fiber (TCF) between two sections of single-mode fibers (SMFs). The [...] Read more.
A sensitivity-enhanced fiber-optic refractive index (RI) sensor based on a tapered single-mode thin-core diameter fiber is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The sensor head is formed by splicing a section of tapered thin-core diameter fiber (TCF) between two sections of single-mode fibers (SMFs). The cladding modes are excited at the first SMF-TCF interface, and then interfere with the core mode at the second interface, thus forming an inter-modal interferometer (IMI). An abrupt taper (tens of micrometers long) made by the electric-arc-heating method is utilized, and plays an important role in improving sensing sensitivity. The whole manufacture process only involves fiber splicing and tapering, and all the fabrication process can be achieved by a commercial fiber fusion splicer. Using glycerol and water mixture solution as an example, the experimental results show that the refractive index sensitivity is measured to be 0.591 nm for 1% change of surrounding RI. The proposed sensor structure features simple structure, low cost, easy fabrication, and high sensitivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sensors)
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11 pages, 1101 KB  
Article
Ultra-Abrupt Tapered Fiber Mach-Zehnder Interferometer Sensors
by Benye Li, Lan Jiang, Sumei Wang, Lanying Zhou, Hai Xiao and Hai-Lung Tsai
Sensors 2011, 11(6), 5729-5739; https://doi.org/10.3390/s110605729 - 27 May 2011
Cited by 75 | Viewed by 11946
Abstract
A fiber inline Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) consisting of ultra-abrupt fiber tapers was fabricated through a new fusion-splicing method. By fusion-splicing, the taper diameter-length ratio is around 1:1, which is much greater than those (1:10) made by stretching. The proposed fabrication method is very [...] Read more.
A fiber inline Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) consisting of ultra-abrupt fiber tapers was fabricated through a new fusion-splicing method. By fusion-splicing, the taper diameter-length ratio is around 1:1, which is much greater than those (1:10) made by stretching. The proposed fabrication method is very low cost, 1/20–1/50 of those of LPFG pair MZI sensors. The fabricated MZIs are applied to measure refractive index, temperature and rotation angle changes. The temperature sensitivity of the MZI at a length of 30 mm is 0.061 nm/°C from 30–350 °C. The proposed MZI is also used to measure rotation angles ranging from 0° to 0.55°; the sensitivity is 54.98 nm/°. The refractive index sensitivity is improved by 3–5 fold by fabricating an inline micro–trench on the fiber cladding using a femtosecond laser. Acetone vapor of 50 ppm in N2 is tested by the MZI sensor coated with MFI–type zeolite thin film. The proposed MZI sensors are capable of in situ detection in many areas of interest such as environmental management, industrial process control, and public health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Physical Sensors)
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