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Here, we describe the polyphasic taxonomy of a novel isolated strain WH53^T from the genus Zooshikella isolated from the sand sediment located between the lumen of the Crassostrea gigas From Germany. Phylogenetic analysis determined that the strain WH53^T had a high similarity to Zooshikella ganghwensis JC2044^T (99.57%) and Zooshikella marina LMG 28823^T (99.36%). Strain WH53^T contained ubiquinone-9 (Q-9) as the predominant menaquinone, and the major fatty acids were C_16:0, C_16:1ω7c, and C_18:1ω7c. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, amino phospholipids, and unidentified phospholipids were identified as their polar lipid composition. The DNA G+C content and genome size of strain WH53^T were 40.08 mol% and 5,914,969 bp, respectively. Digital DNA–DNA hybridisation (dDDH) for strain WH53^T against Z. ganghwensis JC2044^T and Z. marina LMG 28823^T showed low relatedness values of 26.3% and 26.1%, respectively. The extract of strain WH53^T exhibited antimicrobial property. Strain WH53^T represents a novel species in the genus Zooshikella. We propose the name of Zooshikella harenae sp. nov., with the type strain WH53^T (= DSM 111628^T = NCCB 100808^T). Furthermore, the dDDH, average nucleotide identity (ANI), percentage of conserved proteins (POCP), and amino acid identity (AAI) value between Z. marina LGM 28823^T and Z. ganghwensis DSM 15267^T were 79.9%, 97.84%, 76.08%, and 87.01%, respectively, suggesting that both of them should be reclassified as Z. ganghwensis subsp. marina subsp. nov. and Z. ganghwensis subsp. ganghwensis DSM 15267 subsp. nov. Full article

This study is aimed to determine the distribution, diversity and bioprospecting aspects of marine pigmented bacteria (MPB) isolated from pristine Andaman Islands, India. A total of 180 samples including seawater, sediment, marine plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates were collected and investigated for isolating pigmented bacteria. Results revealed that sediment, invertebrates, and seawater samples were colonized with a greater number of pigmented bacteria pertains to 27.9 × 10³ CFU/mL, 24.1 × 10³ CFU/mL and 6.7 × 10³ CFU/mL respectively. Orange (21.6 × 10³ CFU/mL) and red (8.0 × 10³ CFU/mL) MPB were predominant than other pigmented bacteria. Fourteen potential MPB were selected based on their intense pigmentation and tested for bioactive nature and food colorant applications. Out of 14, two red pigmented strains BSE6.1 & S2.1 displayed potential multifaceted applications, such as antibacterial, antioxidant, food colorant, and staining properties. Brown pigmented strains CO8 and yellow pigmented strain SQ2.3 have displayed staining properties. Chemical characterization of red pigment using TLC, HP-LC, GC-MS, FT-IR and ¹H-NMR analysis revealed prodigiosin as a main chemical constituent. Pure form of prodigiosin compound fractions obtained from both the strains displayed effective antibacterial activity against different human pathogens. MIC and MBC assays revealed that S2.1 requires 300 µg and 150 µg, respectively, and BSE6.1 require 400 µg concentrations of pigment compound for complete inhibition of S. aureus subsp. aureus. On the basis of 16S rRNA sequence analysis, strains S2.1 and BSE6.1 were identified as Zooshikella sp. and Streptomyces sp. and assigned under the GenBank accession numbers: MK680108 and MK951781 respectively. Full article