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12 pages, 4246 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Multi-Stage WPDC Optimized Separately for Even and Odd Modes

by Fangkai Wang, Xinyi Zhang, Xudong Wang and Chenxuan Yang

Electronics 2025, 14(10), 2023; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14102023 - 15 May 2025

Viewed by 403

This paper introduces a compact multi-stage Wilkinson power divider/combiner (WPDC) topology which enables broadband operation with isolation capacitors and requiring only one single isolation resistor. The application of an L network for even-mode impedance matching and a π network for odd-mode impedance matching results in a more compact circuit layout and lower insertion loss compared to conventional WPDC designs. A K- and Ka-band WPDC is designed using a 45RFE process with measurements verifying the proposed topology. The results of a two-stage WPDC show an insertion loss below 0.7 dB, isolation better than 20 dB, and input/output return loss exceeding 12 dB across the frequency range of 18.6 to 33.6 GHz. The corresponding amplitude imbalance is within 0.06 dB, and the phase difference is below 0.8 degrees. The core chip size is 210 μm × 186 μm, which is only 0.018 λ₀ × 0.016 λ₀ at the center frequency of 26.1 GHz. Thus, this integrated passive component holds significant promise as a viable solution for wideband applications. Full article

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22 pages, 17062 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Highly Efficient GaN Doherty Power Amplifier for N78 Sub-6 GHz Band 5G Applications

by Mohammed A. Elsayed Eid, Tamer G. Abouelnaga, Hamed A. Ibrahim, Ehab K. I. Hamad, Ahmed Jamal Abdullah Al-Gburi, Thamer A. H. Alghamdi and Moath Alathbah

Electronics 2023, 12(19), 4001; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12194001 - 22 Sep 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3638

Abstract

In this paper, a high-efficiency GaN Doherty power amplifier (DPA) for 5G applications in the N78 sub-6 GHz band is introduced. The theoretical analysis of the matching networks for the peak and carrier transistors is presented, with a focus on the impact of unequal power splitting for both transistors and the recommendation of a post-harmonic suppression network. The proposed design features an unequal Wilkinson power divider at the input and a post-harmonic suppression network at the output, both of which are crucial for achieving high efficiency. The Doherty power amplifier comprises two GaN 10 W HEMTs, measured across the 3.3 GHz to 3.8 GHz band (the N78 band), and the results reveal significant improvements in gain, output power, drain efficiency, and power-added efficiency. Specifically, the proposed design achieved a power gain of over 12 dB and 42 dBm saturated output power. It also achieved a drain efficiency of 80% at saturation and a power-added efficiency of 75.2%. Furthermore, the proposed harmonic suppression network effectively attenuated the harmonics at the output of the amplifier from the second to the fourth order to more than −50 dB, thus enhancing the device’s linearity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Microwave and Wireless Communications)

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16 pages, 30694 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Dual-Polarized Omnidirectional Rectenna Array for RF Energy Harvesting

by Yong Wang, Ningning Lu, Hucheng Sun and Rui Ren

Micromachines 2023, 14(5), 1071; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14051071 - 18 May 2023

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2629

Abstract

In this paper, a dual-polarized omnidirectional rectenna array using a hybrid power-combining scheme is proposed for the applications of RF energy harvesting. In the antenna design part, two omnidirectional antenna subarrays are created to receive horizontally polarized electromagnetic (EM) waves and a four-dipole subarray is produced to receive vertically polarized incoming EM waves. The two antenna subarrays of different polarizations are combined and optimized, so as to reduce the mutual influence between them. In this way, a dual-polarized omnidirectional antenna array is realized. In the rectifier design part, a half-wave rectifying structure is adopted for converting the RF energy into DC energy. Based on the Wilkinson power divider and 3-dB hybrid coupler structure, a power-combining network is designed to connect the whole antenna array and rectifiers. The proposed rectenna array is fabricated and measured under different RF energy harvesting scenarios. All simulated and measured results are in good agreement, which verifies the capabilities of the designed rectenna array. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Antenna System: Structural Analysis, Design and Application)

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