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Keywords = Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata

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11 pages, 1913 KiB  
Article
Savinin Triggers Programmed Cell Death of Ray Parenchyma Cells in Heartwood Formation of Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata
by Nai-Wen Tsao, Ying-Hsuan Sun, Fang-Hua Chu, Shih-Chang Chien and Sheng-Yang Wang
Plants 2023, 12(17), 3031; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12173031 - 23 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1572
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between lignan biosynthesis and programmed cell death (PCD) of ray parenchyma cells during the heartwood formation of Taiwania (Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata). Since the PCD of ray parenchyma cells and the synthesis of [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between lignan biosynthesis and programmed cell death (PCD) of ray parenchyma cells during the heartwood formation of Taiwania (Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata). Since the PCD of ray parenchyma cells and the synthesis of lignans are the two main processes involved in the formation of heartwood, both of which need to be completed through gene regulation. Based on the results of genomics and bioinformatics analysis, that the PCD of tracheids are induced by genotoxic, and the PCD of ray parenchyma cells is induced by biological factors, such as fungi, bacteria, and viruses, which could induce oxidative stress. According to the results of time−of−flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF−SIMS) analysis, lignans are produced in ray parenchyma cells, and the accumulation of savinin and its downstream lignans might be the cause of PCD in ray parenchyma cells. An in vitro experiment further confirmed that the accumulation of savinin could cause protoplasts of Taiwania’s xylem to produce taiwanin A, which is the marker of heartwood formation in Taiwania. Resulting in an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, which could induce oxidative stress in ray parenchyma cells and potentially lead to PCD. Based on these findings, we conclude that accumulation of savinin could be induced PCD of ray parenchyma cells in heartwood formation in Taiwania. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Plant Cell Biology)
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18 pages, 3145 KiB  
Article
Differential Gene Profiling of the Heartwood Formation Process in Taiwania cryptomerioides Hayata Xylem Tissues
by Ting-Feng Yeh, Jui-Hua Chu, Li-Yuan Liu and Shih-Yin Chen
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21(3), 960; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21030960 - 31 Jan 2020
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3389
Abstract
Taiwania (Taiwania cryptomerioides) is an important tree species in Taiwan because of the excellent properties of its wood and fascinating color qualities of its heartwood (HW), as well as the bioactive compounds therein. However, limited information is available as to the [...] Read more.
Taiwania (Taiwania cryptomerioides) is an important tree species in Taiwan because of the excellent properties of its wood and fascinating color qualities of its heartwood (HW), as well as the bioactive compounds therein. However, limited information is available as to the HW formation of this species. The objective of this research is to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during the HW formation process from specific Taiwania xylem tissues, and to obtain genes that might be closely associated with this process. The results indicated that our analyses have captured DEGs representative to the HW formation process of Taiwania. DEGs related to the terpenoid biosynthesis pathway were all up-regulated in the transition zone (TZ) to support the biosynthesis and accumulation of terpenoids. Many DEGs related to lignin biosynthesis, and two DEGs related to pinoresinol reductase (PrR)/pinoresinol lariciresinol reductase (PLR), were up-regulated in TZ. These DEGs together are likely involved in providing the precursors for the subsequent lignan biosynthesis. Several transcription factor-, nuclease-, and protease-encoding DEGs were also highly expressed in TZ, and these DEGs might be involved in the regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis and the autolysis of the cellular components of ray parenchyma cells in TZ. These results provide further insights into the process of HW formation in Taiwania. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Woody Formation and Lignin Biosynthesis in Plants)
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