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Keywords = San Giovanni Baptistery

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26 pages, 14206 KiB  
Article
The Heritage Building Information Modeling Methodology for Structural Diagnosis: An Integrated System of Digital Models for the Baptistery of San Giovanni in Pisa
by Giada Bartolini, Anna De Falco, Lorenzo Gianfranceschi, Massimiliano Martino and Laura Vignali
Heritage 2024, 7(11), 6366-6391; https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage7110298 - 15 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1062
Abstract
The structural diagnosis of monumental buildings necessitates organizing diverse cross-disciplinary data. The H-BIM procedure employs 3D digital models to create a comprehensive virtual repository, offering advantages in documentation access, interoperability, intervention design, cost evaluation, and maintenance management. This work proposes an approach to [...] Read more.
The structural diagnosis of monumental buildings necessitates organizing diverse cross-disciplinary data. The H-BIM procedure employs 3D digital models to create a comprehensive virtual repository, offering advantages in documentation access, interoperability, intervention design, cost evaluation, and maintenance management. This work proposes an approach to combining different models while addressing interoperability challenges by best exploiting their positive characteristics. After evaluating the advantages and limitations of textured-mesh and NURBS-based models, and virtual reality environments based on specific comparison criteria, an integrated system of these models within the H-BIM framework is proposed. The latter is applied to study the relevant case of the Baptistery of San Giovanni in Pisa, Italy. The integrated H-BIM model is designed primarily to facilitate the structural diagnosis of the monument, and illustrates how combining different 3D representations, each providing multiple information with different levels of detail, enhances its capabilities. This integration results in a more effective tool for the multidisciplinary conservation of cultural heritage, accommodating a wide range of data beyond structural aspects, thus fostering collaboration among professionals from various fields of expertise. Full article
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26 pages, 5692 KiB  
Article
The San Giovanni Baptistery in Florence (Italy): Assessment of the State of Conservation of Surfaces and Characterization of Stone Materials
by Sara Calandra, Emma Cantisani, Silvia Vettori, Marilena Ricci, Beatrice Agostini and Carlo Alberto Garzonio
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(8), 4050; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12084050 - 16 Apr 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2684
Abstract
During the last restoration campaign of the Baptistery of San Giovanni in Florence (Italy), the assessment of the state of conservation of external surfaces was performed, with a multi-analytical approach, in order to support the conservation and restoration treatments. Black crusts, red staining, [...] Read more.
During the last restoration campaign of the Baptistery of San Giovanni in Florence (Italy), the assessment of the state of conservation of external surfaces was performed, with a multi-analytical approach, in order to support the conservation and restoration treatments. Black crusts, red staining, sulphation, and organic patinas were identified. Moreover, a complete characterization of marble cladding, bricks, and mortars was carried out. A geochemical and minero-petrographic approach was used in order to classify and assess the provenance of marbles, and define raw materials and technologies of the production for bricks and mortars. Provenances from Italy (Carrara and Lasa marbles) and from Greece (Hymettus and Pentelicum marbles) were identified and attributed to different construction phases, restoration interventions, and re-use of ancient materials. For mortars, the obtained data suggested the use of local materials and traditional technologies for the production. Overall, two different minero-petrographic typologies were identified for the analyzed bricks. Full article
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13 pages, 3405 KiB  
Article
Decay Process of Serpentinite: The Case of the San Giovanni Baptistery (Florence, Italy) Pavement
by Alba Patrizia Santo, Beatrice Agostini, Carlo Alberto Garzonio, Elena Pecchioni and Teresa Salvatici
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(2), 861; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12020861 - 14 Jan 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2446
Abstract
Serpentinite is a low-grade metamorphic rock derived from the transformation of ultramafic rocks. Mainly because of its aesthetic characteristics it has been widely used as a building and ornamental stone. “Verde di Prato” is the most common local name used in Tuscany to [...] Read more.
Serpentinite is a low-grade metamorphic rock derived from the transformation of ultramafic rocks. Mainly because of its aesthetic characteristics it has been widely used as a building and ornamental stone. “Verde di Prato” is the most common local name used in Tuscany to refer to this type of rock, historically quarried in this area and used for many centuries in a large number of monuments of this region. In this paper, we report the results of a study carried out on the serpentinite from the pavement of the Florence baptistery, to properly characterize it from a physical point of view, describe the rock conservation state, and understand the phenomena responsible for its decay. The studied rock displays numerous forms of decay including fractures, loss of material, erosion, discolouration and efflorescence. X-ray diffractometer analyses of the efflorescence revealed the presence of numerous salts whose formation can be imputed to multiple, possibly concomitant, causes such as the high relative humidity and the variation of inside temperature, the presence of concrete and/or cementitious mortars in the subsoil, atmospheric pollution and the burial ground existing close the baptistery. Full article
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