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Keywords = SOS (small oxoacids of sulfur)

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20 pages, 2454 KiB  
Article
Expanding the Reactive Sulfur Metabolome: Intracellular and Efflux Measurements of Small Oxoacids of Sulfur (SOS) and H2S in Human Primary Vascular Cell Culture
by Ottis Scrivner, Ahmed Ismaeel, Murugaeson R. Kumar, Kristina Sorokolet, Panagiotis Koutakis and Patrick J. Farmer
Molecules 2021, 26(23), 7160; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237160 - 26 Nov 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3493
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous signaling molecule which is important for cardiovascular health, but its mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Here, we report measurements of H2S as well as its oxidized metabolites, termed small oxoacids of sulfur [...] Read more.
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an endogenous signaling molecule which is important for cardiovascular health, but its mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Here, we report measurements of H2S as well as its oxidized metabolites, termed small oxoacids of sulfur (SOS = HSOH and HOSOH), in four human primary vascular cell lines: smooth muscle and endothelial cells derived from both human arterial and coronary tissues. We use a methodology that targets small molecular weight sulfur species; mass spectrometric analysis allows for species quantification to report cellular concentrations based on an H2S calibration curve. The production of H2S and SOS is orders of magnitude higher in smooth muscle (nanomolar) as compared to endothelial cell lines (picomolar). In all the primary lines measured, the distributions of these three species were HOSOH >H2S > HSOH, with much higher SOS than seen previously in non-vascular cell lines. H2S and SOS were effluxed from smooth muscle cells in higher concentrations than endothelial cells. Aortic smooth muscle cells were used to examine changes under hypoxic growth conditions. Hypoxia caused notable increases in HSOH and ROS, which we attribute to enhanced sulfide quinone oxidase activity that results in reverse electron transport. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Themed Issue for Celebrating 20 Years of the Concept of Reactive Sulfur Species (RSS))
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16 pages, 1402 KiB  
Review
Reactivity of Small Oxoacids of Sulfur
by Sergei V. Makarov, Attila K. Horváth and Anna S. Makarova
Molecules 2019, 24(15), 2768; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24152768 - 30 Jul 2019
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 5750
Abstract
Oxidation of sulfide to sulfate is known to consist of several steps. Key intermediates in this process are the so-called small oxoacids of sulfur (SOS)—sulfenic HSOH (hydrogen thioperoxide, oxadisulfane, or sulfur hydride hydroxide) and sulfoxylic S(OH)2 acids. Sulfur monoxide can be considered [...] Read more.
Oxidation of sulfide to sulfate is known to consist of several steps. Key intermediates in this process are the so-called small oxoacids of sulfur (SOS)—sulfenic HSOH (hydrogen thioperoxide, oxadisulfane, or sulfur hydride hydroxide) and sulfoxylic S(OH)2 acids. Sulfur monoxide can be considered as a dehydrated form of sulfoxylic acid. Although all of these species play an important role in atmospheric chemistry and in organic synthesis, and are also invoked in biochemical processes, they are quite unstable compounds so much so that their physical and chemical properties are still subject to intense studies. It is well-established that sulfoxylic acid has very strong reducing properties, while sulfenic acid is capable of both oxidizing and reducing various substrates. Here, in this review, the mechanisms of sulfide oxidation as well as data on the structure and reactivity of small sulfur-containing oxoacids, sulfur monoxide, and its precursors are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Signaling Molecules: Hydrogen Sulfide and Polysulfide)
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