Search Results (2)

The benefits of swimming as a treatment for overweight children are undefined. We investigated the effects of recreational swimming on cardiometabolic risk in children/adolescents with normal and excess weight. Participants (n = 49, 26 girls, 10.3 ± 1.8 y) were grouped as ‘eutrophic swimming’ (EU-Swim, n = 14); ‘excess weight swimming’ (EW-Swim, n = 20) with an ‘obese swimming’ subgroup (OB-Swim, n = 10); and ‘excess weight sedentary’ (EW-Sed, n = 15) with an ‘obese sedentary’ subgroup (OB-Sed, n = 11). Swimming (50 min, twice/week, moderate-vigorous intensity) was an extra activity during the school year (6 + 3 months with a 3-month school break). Nutritional status, blood pressure (BP), physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, biochemical variables, autonomic modulation, endothelial function, abdominal fat, and carotid thickness were assessed at baseline, 6, and 12 months. Greater improvements (p < 0.05) occurred in EW-Swim vs. EW-Sed in body mass index (z-BMI, −16%, d+ 0.52), waist-to-height ratio (W/H, −8%, d+ 0.59–0.79), physical activity (37–53%, d+ 1.8–2.2), cardiorespiratory fitness (30–40%, d+ 0.94–1.41), systolic BP (SBP, −6–8%, d+ 0.88–1.17), diastolic BP (DBP, −9–10%, d+ 0.70–0.85), leptin (−14–18%, d+ 0.29–0.41), forearm blood flow (FBF, 26–41%, d+ 0.53–0.64), subcutaneous fat (SAT, −6%, d+ 0.18), and intra-abdominal fat (VAT, −16%, d+ 0.63). OB-Swim showed improvements vs. OB-Sed in TNFα (−17%, d+ 1.15) and adiponectin (22%, d+ 0.40). Swimming improved fitness and cardiometabolic risk in children/adolescents with overweight/obesity. (TCTR20220216001) Full article

In this paper, we present a stable and accurate high-order methodology for the symmetric matrix form (SMF) of the elastic wave equation. We use an accurate high-order upwind finite difference method to define spatial discretization. Then, an efficient complex frequency-shifted (CFS) unsplit multi-axis perfectly matched layer (MPML) is implemented using the auxiliary differential equation (ADE) that is used to build higher-order time schemes for elastodynamics in the unbounded curve domain. It is derived to be compatible with SMF. The SMF framework has a general form of a hyperbolic partial differential equation (PDE) that can be expanded to different dimensions (2D, 3D) or different wave modal (SH, P-SV) without requiring significant modifications owing to a simplified process of derivation and programming. Subsequently, an energy analysis on the framework combined with initial boundary value problems is conducted, and the stability analysis can be extended to a semi-discrete approximation similarly. Thus, we propose a semi-discrete approximation based on ADE CFS-MPML in which the curve domain is discretized using the upwind summation-by-parts (SBP) operators, and where the boundary conditions are enforced weakly using the simultaneous approximation terms (SAT). The proposed method’s robustness and adequacy are illustrated by conducting several numerical simulations. Full article