MDPI - Publisher of Open Access Journals

17 pages, 3081 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and Riemerella anatipestifer Isolates from Clinical Cases of Waterfowl in Hungary Between 2022 and 2023

by Ádám Kerek, Ábel Szabó and Ákos Jerzsele

Antibiotics 2025, 14(5), 478; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14050478 - 8 May 2025

Viewed by 701

Abstract

Background:Riemerella anatipestifer and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae remain clinically significant pathogens in the waterfowl industry, causing substantial economic losses and posing potential zoonotic risks. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) continues to spread in the poultry sector, making regular surveillance of bacterial isolates essential. Methods: In this study, eight R. anatipestifer and eighteen E. rhusiopathiae strains were isolated from clinical cases in Hungarian waterfowl between 2022 and 2023. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined for antibiotics of veterinary and public health significance. Results: For R. anatipestifer, high resistance rates were observed for spectinomycin, lincomycin, and tiamulin, while beta-lactam antibiotics (amoxicillin, ceftriaxone, and imipenem) demonstrated strong efficacy. Among the E. rhusiopathiae isolates, resistance to amoxicillin (89%) and enrofloxacin (61%) was notable, whereas ceftriaxone and doxycycline exhibited moderate antibacterial effects. Conclusions: Our findings underscore the importance of targeted antimicrobial use in the waterfowl industry. Beta-lactam antibiotics remain effective, whereas rising resistance to fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides raise serious concerns. Routine AMR surveillance and the adoption of alternative strategies are crucial for controlling infections and maintaining flock health. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Virulence, Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Production in Veterinary, Zoonotic and Food-Related Pathogens)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

19 pages, 4151 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Identification of Critical Immune Regulators and Potential Interactions of IL-26 in Riemerella anatipestifer-Infected Ducks by Transcriptome Analysis and Profiling

by Paula Leona T. Cammayo-Fletcher, Rochelle A. Flores, Binh T. Nguyen, Bujinlkham Altanzul, Cherry P. Fernandez-Colorado, Woo H. Kim, Rajkumari Mandakini Devi, Suk Kim and Wongi Min

Microorganisms 2024, 12(5), 973; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12050973 - 12 May 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1972

Abstract

Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) is an economically important pathogen in the duck industry worldwide that causes high mortality and morbidity in infected birds. We previously found that upregulated IL-17A expression in ducks infected with RA participates in the pathogenesis of the disease, but this mechanism is not linked to IL-23, which primarily promotes Th17 cell differentiation and proliferation. RNA sequencing analysis was used in this study to investigate other mechanisms of IL-17A upregulation in RA infection. A possible interaction of IL-26 and IL-17 was discovered, highlighting the potential of IL-26 as a novel upstream cytokine that can regulate IL-17A during RA infection. Additionally, this process identified several important pathways and genes related to the complex networks and potential regulation of the host immune response in RA-infected ducks. Collectively, these findings not only serve as a roadmap for our understanding of RA infection and the development of new immunotherapeutic approaches for this disease, but they also provide an opportunity to understand the immune system of ducks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Veterinary Microbiology)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 916 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae in Turkeys in Poland

by Olimpia Kursa, Grzegorz Tomczyk, Agata Sieczkowska, Sylwia Kostka and Anna Sawicka-Durkalec

Pathogens 2024, 13(1), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13010078 - 15 Jan 2024

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3584

Abstract

The pathogenic mycoplasmas are among the bacteria causing significant losses in the poultry industry worldwide. Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and M. synoviae (MS) are economically important pathogens causing chronic respiratory disease, decreased growth, egg production and hatchability rates, and significant downgrading of carcasses. Effective diagnosis of infection with these species in poultry is highly requisite considering their two routes of spreading—horizontal and vertical. Their prevalence and molecular epidemiology were investigated in 184 turkey flocks in Poland. Tracheal samples were selected from 144 broiler flocks and 40 turkey breeder flocks collected in 2015–2023. The prevalence of MG was determined by real-time PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene and PCR targeting the mgc2 gene, and MS was determined by a 16–23S rRNA real-time PCR and a vlhA gene PCR. Further identification and molecular characterization were carried out using PCR and sequencing. M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae were found in 8.33% and 9.72% of turkey broiler flocks respectively. The phylogenetic analysis of MG isolates in most cases showed high similarity to the ts-11-like strains. MS isolates showed high similarity to strains isolated from flocks of laying hens causing EAA. Additional tests detected Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, Gallibacterium anatis, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus and Riemerella anatipestifer. These secondary pathogens could have significantly heightened the pathogenicity of the mycoplasma infections studied. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Bacterial Pathogens)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

8 pages, 1705 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Molecular Detection and Phylogenetic Analysis of Riemerella anatipestifer in Poultry and Wild Geese in Poland

by Anna Sawicka-Durkalec, Grzegorz Tomczyk, Iryna Gerilovych and Olimpia Kursa

Pathogens 2023, 12(2), 256; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12020256 - 5 Feb 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2788

Abstract

Riemerella anatipestifer (RA) is one of the most relevant bacterial pathogens of commercial waterfowl from clinical and economic points of view. Our study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of RA infection in different types of commercial poultry in Poland and verify the potential role of wild geese as vectors of this pathogen. We tested a total of 126 poultry flocks, including geese (N = 20), ducks (N = 42), turkeys (N = 64) and 19 wild geese, including greater white-fronted geese (N = 9), greylag geese (N = 5) and Taiga bean geese (N = 5). Tracheal swabs were examined for RA using a PCR targeting a conserved region of the 16S rRNA gene. Selected PCR products were sequenced to perform the phylogenetic analysis. Among the commercial poultry, the highest RA prevalence was found in flocks of ducks (35.7%) and geese (30.0%), whereas the lowest one was found in turkeys (3.2%). Most tested wild geese (94.7%) were RA positive. The phylogenetic analysis showed relatively low genetic diversity of the sequences analyzed, which gathered in two clusters of the phylogenetic tree, and the minimum nucleotide identity was 98.6%. Our results would support the contention that RA isolates from commercial poultry circulate in wild bird populations but are not transmitted back to poultry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Animal Pathogens and Infections in Poland)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Search Results (4)

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI

Saved Queries

Search Filter Reset All

Years

Feature Papers

Subjects

Journals

Article Types

Countries / Regions

Search Results (4)

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI