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Keywords = NLM + PWM

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16 pages, 4108 KiB  
Article
Design, Control and Testing of a Modular Multilevel Converter with a Single Cell per Arm in Grid-Forming and Grid-Following Operations for Scaled-Down Experimental Platforms
by Jaume Girona-Badia, Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt, Tomàs Lledó-Ponsati, Macià Capó-Lliteras, Carlos Collados-Rodriguez, Nicolaos Antonio Cutululis, Oscar Saborío-Romano, Daniel Montesinos-Miracle, Marc Pagès, Daniel Heredero-Peris and Eduardo Prieto-Araujo
Energies 2022, 15(5), 1819; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15051819 - 1 Mar 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4052
Abstract
Modular multilevel converters (MMC) can be used in several applications, especially (but not only) in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) and STATCOM. In order to develop experimental scaled-down test benches for lab validation, several projects have developed MMCs with a limited number of cells, [...] Read more.
Modular multilevel converters (MMC) can be used in several applications, especially (but not only) in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) and STATCOM. In order to develop experimental scaled-down test benches for lab validation, several projects have developed MMCs with a limited number of cells, but they need to use pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques to achieve acceptable power quality (because nearest level modulation (NLM), common in HVDC applications with hundreds of levels, cannot achieve sufficient power quality unless the number of cells is high enough). The present paper proposes a new concept which is based on designing arms with a single cell. This allows to have the simplest possible converter that maintains the structure of an MMC. While all the inner controllers of large-scale HVDC MMCs are included, the only remarkable difference is that PWM is used and NLM cannot be implemented. As this is also a limitation for other low voltage MMC, the proposed concept is suggested for scaled-down low voltage applications. The paper includes the design and construction of the converter, the definition and implementation of the converter controllers, and the converter testing, with detailed dynamic simulations and an experimental setup. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design, Modeling and Control of Power Converters)
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21 pages, 11478 KiB  
Article
A Study on Common Mode Voltage Reduction Strategies According to Modulation Methods in Modular Multilevel Converter
by Chang-Hwan Park, In-Kyo Seo, Belete Belayneh Negesse, Jong-su Yoon and Jang-Mok Kim
Energies 2021, 14(6), 1607; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14061607 - 14 Mar 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2908
Abstract
Low level modular multilevel converter (MMC) is a promising candidate for medium voltage applications such as MVDC (medium voltage DC current) transmission and megawatt machine drives. Unlike high-level MMC using nearest level modulation (NLM), the low-level MMC using the pulse width modulation (PWM) [...] Read more.
Low level modular multilevel converter (MMC) is a promising candidate for medium voltage applications such as MVDC (medium voltage DC current) transmission and megawatt machine drives. Unlike high-level MMC using nearest level modulation (NLM), the low-level MMC using the pulse width modulation (PWM) or NLM + PWM is affected by a common mode voltage (CMV) due to a frequent change of a switching state. This CMV causes electromagnetic interference (EMI) noise, common mode current (CMC) and bearing current leading to a reduction in the efficiency and durability of the motor drive system. Therefore, this paper provides a mathematical analysis on how the switching state affects the CMV and proposes three software based CMV reduction algorithms for the low level MMC system. To reflect the characteristic of MMC modulation strategy for upper and lower reference voltage independently, two separate space vectors are used. Based on the analysis, three different CMV reduction algorithms (complete CMV reduction (CCR), DPWM CMV reduction (DCR) and partial CMV reduction (PCR)) are proposed using NLC + PWM modulation strategy. The performance of the proposed CMV reduction algorithms was verified by both simulation and experimental result. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Motor and Drive)
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