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Keywords = Mitsu Bay

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17 pages, 4348 KiB  
Article
Estimating Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycles in a Timber Reef Deployment Area
by Jamaluddin Fitrah Alam, Tamiji Yamamoto, Tetsuya Umino, Shinya Nakahara and Kiyonori Hiraoka
Water 2020, 12(9), 2515; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12092515 - 9 Sep 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2908
Abstract
In an oligotrophic bay, Mitsu Bay, Japan, artificial timber reefs (ATRs) are deployed to increase fish production. In such man-made ecosystems, the biological activities of other organisms as well as the physical structures of ATRs could influence nutrient cycling. A pelagic–benthic coupling model [...] Read more.
In an oligotrophic bay, Mitsu Bay, Japan, artificial timber reefs (ATRs) are deployed to increase fish production. In such man-made ecosystems, the biological activities of other organisms as well as the physical structures of ATRs could influence nutrient cycling. A pelagic–benthic coupling model expressing both phosphorus and nitrogen cycling was developed to investigate seasonal variation in the associated nutrients and their annual budget in the ATR areas and the entire bay system. The model consists of equations representing all the relevant physical and biological processes. The model reproduced the observed seasonal variations in dissolved inorganic P, ammonium, and nitrate concentrations that were low in spring and summer and high in autumn and winter. The internal regeneration rates of the nutrients were two times higher in the ATRs than in the bay area, so that fish production was predicted to be higher in the ATRs than in the bay area. Considering the inflows from the land and precipitation are quite low, nutrient regeneration is an important source of nutrients for the water in Mitsu Bay. ATR deployment could be an important local nutrient source in an oligotrophic bay, and could increase fish production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Biogeochemical Modeling)
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21 pages, 1970 KiB  
Article
Modeling the Efficacy of Three Types of Artificial Timber Reefs in Mitsu Bay, Japan
by Jamaluddin Fitrah Alam, Tamiji Yamamoto, Tetsuya Umino, Shinya Nakahara and Kiyonori Hiraoka
Water 2020, 12(7), 2013; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12072013 - 15 Jul 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3152
Abstract
With the aim of simultaneously improving fishery production and utilizing forestry and oyster fishery wastes, three types of artificial timber reefs (ATRs)—constructed from simple timbers, timbers with oyster shells from local oyster farms, and timbers with leaves/branches from forest thinning—were deployed in Mitsu [...] Read more.
With the aim of simultaneously improving fishery production and utilizing forestry and oyster fishery wastes, three types of artificial timber reefs (ATRs)—constructed from simple timbers, timbers with oyster shells from local oyster farms, and timbers with leaves/branches from forest thinning—were deployed in Mitsu Bay, Japan. We developed a food web model to investigate the relative efficacies of these ATR types compared with the bare, sandy seafloor. The model described the material flow through the food webs formed in each ATR type and their potential to increase fisheries production. The model outputs were validated with observational data over three years. The model fit the observed biomass of both prey animals and fish predators. The simulation results highlighted that ATRs, particularly those with additional materials, had two to three times higher feeding flow than the sandy seafloor and resulted in increased fish biomass. Fish catch doubled in the ATR areas compared to the bare seafloor. Aside from providing a feeding ground, the complexity of the ATRs with additional materials likely acts to provide shelter for juvenile fish. ATR deployment using by-products such as those mentioned above may not only enhance fish stock but also help foster the establishment of a recycling-oriented society. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biodiversity and Functionality of Aquatic Ecosystems)
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