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Keywords = Klein–Gordon equation with a negative mass term

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16 pages, 1031 KiB  
Article
Symmetry Breaking and Dynamic Transition in the Negative Mass Term Klein–Gordon Equations
by Ferenc Márkus and Katalin Gambár
Symmetry 2024, 16(2), 144; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16020144 - 26 Jan 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1448
Abstract
Through the discussion of three physical processes, we show that the Klein–Gordon equations with a negative mass term describe special dynamics. In the case of two classical disciplines—mechanics and thermodynamics—the Lagrangian-based mathematical description is the same, even though the nature of the investigated [...] Read more.
Through the discussion of three physical processes, we show that the Klein–Gordon equations with a negative mass term describe special dynamics. In the case of two classical disciplines—mechanics and thermodynamics—the Lagrangian-based mathematical description is the same, even though the nature of the investigated processes seems completely different. The unique feature of this type of equation is that it contains wave propagation and dissipative behavior in one framework. The dissipative behavior appears through a repulsive potential. The transition between the two types of dynamics can be specified precisely, and its physical meaning is clear. The success of the two descriptions inspires extension to the case of electrodynamics. We reverse the suggestion here. We create a Klein–Gordon equation with a negative mass term, but first, we modify Maxwell’s equations. The repulsive interaction that appears here results in a charge spike. However, the Coulomb interaction limits this. The charge separation is also associated with the high-speed movement of the charged particle localized in a small space domain. As a result, we arrive at a picture of a fast vibrating phenomenon with an electromagnetism-related Klein–Gordon equation with a negative mass term. The calculated maximal frequency value ω=1.74×1021 1/s. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Hamiltonian Dynamical Systems)
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