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Background: Breast cancer, the most prevalent cancer among women globally, develops primarily in the breast’s ducts or lobules. Drug resistance is a significant challenge in treating advanced cases, contributing to over 685,000 breast cancer-related deaths annually, and identifying novel compounds that inhibit key proteins is crucial for developing effective therapies. Methods: In this study, five transferase proteins with PDB IDs were selected due to their involvement in breast cancer: 1A52, 3PP0, 4EJN, 4I23, and 7R9V. Multitargeted docking studies were conducted using three different docking strategies and Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area (MM/GBSA) to calculate the binding affinities against the ZINC Natural compound library. Isoetin (ZINC000006523948), found mainly in Isoetaceae, was identified, and the results were compared with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug Tucatinib. In addition, molecular interaction fingerprints and pharmacokinetic profiling were evaluated. We also performed 5 ns WaterMap simulations to identify hydration sites and interactions, followed by 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and MM/GBSA to assess the stability of the Isoetin–protein complexes. Results: The docking results indicated that Isoetin demonstrated superior binding and docking scores ranging from −9.901 to −13.903 kcal/mol compared to Tucatinib, which showed values between −4.875 and −10.948 kcal/mol, suggesting Isoetin’s potential efficacy as a therapeutic agent for breast cancer. Interaction fingerprints revealed significant interactions between Isoetin and key residues, including 28LEU, 12MET, 9PHE, 7ASP, 6ASN, and 6THR. The pharmacokinetics and DFT analysis of Isoetin supported its potential as a viable drug candidate. Furthermore, the 5 ns WaterMap simulations identified various hydration sites, and the 100 ns MD simulations showed that the Isoetin–protein complexes exhibited minimal deviations and fluctuations, indicating better stability than Tucatinib, and MM/GBSA confirmed Isoetin’s superior binding stability. Conclusions: Isoetin, a natural compound identified through in silico screening, demonstrates significant promise as a potential therapeutic agent for breast cancer as it outperforms the FDA-approved drug Tucatinib, the respective native and FDA-approved drug. However, experimental validation is necessary before considering Isoetin for clinical use. Full article

Isoetin derivatives are a rare class of flavonoids with a rather erratic occurrence across the plant kingdom. The Cichorieae tribe of the Asteraceae family has proven to be a rich source and a centre of chemical diversity of this class of compounds. Here, we describe the chromatographic isolation and mainly NMR-based structure elucidation of a previously undescribed isoetin derivative from Leontodon hispidus L. (Asteraceae, Cichorieae). The chemophenetic relevance is discussed briefly. Full article

Phytochemical investigation of Artocarpus chama stem was performed by chromatographic techniques, resulting from the isolation and structure elucidation of three new compounds, namely 3′-farnesyl-apigenin (1), 3-(hydroxyprenyl) isoetin (2), and 3-prenyl-5,7,2′,5′-tetrahydroxy-4′-methoxyflavone (3), and five known compounds, namely homoeriodictyol (4), isocycloartobilo-xanthone (5), artocarpanone (6), naringenin (7), and artocarpin (8). From the screening result, A. chama extract showed a potent tyrosinase inhibitory effect. Ihe isolated compounds 1, 4 and 6 also exhibited tyrosinase inhibition with IC₅₀ of 135.70, 52.18, and 38.78 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, compounds 3, 4, 5, 6, and 8 showed strong activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and Cutibacterium acnes. This study is the first report on phytochemical investigation with new compounds and biological activities of A. chama. Skin infection can cause dark spots or hyperpigmentation. The isolated compounds that showed both anityrosinase and antimicrobial activities will be further studied in in vivo and clinical trials in order to develop treatment for hyperpigmentation, which is caused by infectious diseases by microorganisms. Full article