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Keywords = IgA-biome

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18 pages, 709 KiB  
Review
Intestinal IgA-Coated Bacteria in Healthy- and Altered-Microbiomes (Dysbiosis) and Predictive Value in Successful Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
by Herbert L. DuPont, Zhi-Dong Jiang, Ashley S. Alexander, Andrew W. DuPont and Eric L. Brown
Microorganisms 2023, 11(1), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010093 - 29 Dec 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4596
Abstract
IgA-coated bacteria in the gut (IgA-biome) provide a homeostatic function in healthy people through inhibition of microbial invaders and by protecting the epithelial monolayer of the gut. The laboratory methods used to detect this group of bacteria require flow cytometry and DNA sequencing [...] Read more.
IgA-coated bacteria in the gut (IgA-biome) provide a homeostatic function in healthy people through inhibition of microbial invaders and by protecting the epithelial monolayer of the gut. The laboratory methods used to detect this group of bacteria require flow cytometry and DNA sequencing (IgA-Seq). With dysbiosis (reduced diversity of the microbiome), the IgA-biome also is impaired. In the presence of enteric infection, oral vaccines, or an intestinal inflammatory disorder, the IgA-biome focuses on the pathogenic bacteria or foreign antigens, while in other chronic diseases associated with dysbiosis, the IgA-biome is reduced in capacity. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), the use of fecal product from well-screened, healthy donors administered to patients with dysbiosis, has been successful in engrafting the intestine with healthy microbiota and metabolites leading to improve health. Through FMT, IgA-coated bacteria have been transferred to recipients retaining their immune coating. The IgA-biome should be evaluated in FMT studies as these mucosal-associated bacteria are more likely to be associated with successful transplantation than free luminal organisms. Studies of the microbiome pre- and post-FMT should employ metagenomic methods that identify bacteria at least at the species level to better identify organisms of interest while allowing comparisons of microbiota data between studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impact of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Human Health)
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12 pages, 1881 KiB  
Article
LymphoTrack Is Equally Sensitive as PCR GeneScan and Sanger Sequencing for Detection of Clonal Rearrangements in ALL Patients
by Karin Paulsen, Millaray Marincevic, Lucia Cavelier, Peter Hollander and Rose-Marie Amini
Diagnostics 2022, 12(6), 1389; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12061389 - 4 Jun 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3073
Abstract
Monoclonal rearrangements of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes and T-cell receptor (TCR) genes are used for minimal measurable disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The golden standard for screening of gene rearrangements in ALL has been PCR GeneScan and Sanger sequencing, which are laborsome and [...] Read more.
Monoclonal rearrangements of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes and T-cell receptor (TCR) genes are used for minimal measurable disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The golden standard for screening of gene rearrangements in ALL has been PCR GeneScan and Sanger sequencing, which are laborsome and time-consuming methods. More rapid next-generation sequencing methods, such as LymphoTrack could possibly replace PCR GeneScan and Sanger sequencing for clonality assessment. Our aim was to evaluate to what extent LymphoTrack can replace PCR GeneScan and Sanger sequencing concerning sensitivity and quantifiability in clonality assessment in 78 ALL samples. With LymphoTrack, clonality assessment was based on the %Total reads, where ≥10% was used as cut off for clonal rearrangements. The patients displayed 0 to 4 clonal rearrangements per assay. The detection rate (rearrangements detected with PCR GeneScan and/or Sanger sequencing, also detected with LymphoTrack) was 85/85 (100%) for IGH, 64/67 (96%) for IGK, 91/93 (98%) for TCRG and 34/35 (97%) for TCRB. Our findings demonstrate that LymphoTrack was equally sensitive in detecting clonal rearrangements as PCR GeneScan and Sanger Sequencing. The LymphoTrack assay is reliable and therefore applicable for clonal assessment in ALL patients in clinical laboratories. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Tumors/Cancers)
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