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In recent years, advancements in Intelligent and Connected Vehicles (ICVs) have led to a significant increase in the amount of information to the driver through Human–Machine Interfaces (HMIs). To prevent driver cognitive overload, the development of Adaptive HMIs (A-HMIs) has emerged. Indeed, A-HMIs regulate information flows by dynamically adapting the presentation to suit the contextual driving conditions. This paper presents a novel methodology, based on multi-objective optimization, that offers a more generalized design approach for adaptive strategies in A-HMIs. The proposed methodology is specifically tailored for designing an A-HMI that, by continuously monitoring the Driver–Vehicle–Environment (DVE) system, schedules actions requested by applications and selects appropriate presentation modalities to suit the current state of the DVE. The problem to derive these adaptive strategies is formulated as an optimization task where the objective is to find a set of rules to manage information flow between vehicle and driver that minimizes both the driver’s workload and the queuing of actions. To achieve these goals, the methodology evaluates through two indexes how applications’ requests impact the driver’s cognitive load and the waiting queue for actions. The optimization procedure has been solved offline to define adaptive strategies for scheduling five application requests, i.e., forward collision warning, system interaction, turn indicators, infotainment volume increase, and phone calls. A theoretical analysis has demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed framework in optimizing the prioritization strategy for actions requested by applications. By adopting this approach, the design of rules for the scheduling process of the A-HMI architecture is significantly streamlined while gaining adaptive capabilities to prevent driver cognitive overload. Full article

With the evolution of Internet of Vehicles (IoV) and intelligent transportation systems, intelligent connected vehicles (ICV) are becoming the trend in automobile industry worldwide. Assisted by road-side infrastructure and vehicle-mounted sensors, in-vehicle infotainment (IVI) data services are gradually growing more popular with drivers and passengers. In particular, IVI data services are not only restricted to internal cabin, but also are being extended to the external environment (e.g., workplace and home). These data categories include personal demographics/bioinformatics, usage habits, travel patterns, real-time location, audio, video, etc., which in turn induce perceived risk concerns around the data privacy and security of occupants. In this paper, we collect answers from 500 valid respondents and then construct a structural equation model to investigate key factors influencing users’ attitudes and behavioral intention (BI) towards IVI data services. Therein, trust is considered to play a vital role in attitude, and is assumed to be affected by perceived security risk (PSR), perceived privacy risk (PPR), and perceived performance risk (PFR). The results show that PSR and PPR have negative effects on user trust. The data breache anxiety positively influences PPR, which explain 75% of variance. In addition, trust can directly affect attitude and BI, which explain 28.6% of variance in attitudes towards IVI data services. Respondents score higher on average for attitude (Mean = 5.762, SD = 0.89) even where perceived risks exist. BI is influenced by the factors of PSR, PFR, trust, and attitude. Through this study, we intend to reveal the relationships among the factors of perceived risk, trust, attitude, and BI towards IVI data services, then provide guidelines for vehicular data governance in order to consolidate user trust for a safer mobility ecosystem. Full article

With the accelerating industrialization of 5G-V2X and smart automobiles, the intelligent connected vehicle (ICV) integrated with sophisticated communication, caching, computing, and control techniques enhance the functionality of in-vehicle infotainment (IVI) and also provide more powerful telematic or entertainment choices in vehicular environment. The diverse needs of ICV users (e.g., drivers and passengers) can be satisfied during commuting and traveling. However, considering the limitations of transportation environment, the potential attitude and usage behavior for the upcoming ICV infotainment directly impacts on the traffic and road safety in sustainable cities. In this paper, we conduct an online and offline survey to investigate the key factors influencing the user attitude and intention of ICV infotainment, where the answers of a total of 502 valid respondents (i.e., IVI users) are collected in China. A conceptual technology acceptance model with the constructs of perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU), social influence (SI), consumer innovation (CI), and perceived risk (PR) is established, and then assessed via partial least square structural equation modeling. We find that the constructs of PU, PEOU, CI, and SI have a direct impact on attitude and usage intention, of which 46.8% and 73.4% of variance, respectively, are explained. The respondents show positive attitudes and higher usage intention towards the ICV infotainment. Although PR has insignificant path with attitude and intention, the driving experience moderation effect exists between PR and usage intention. We can see that ICV infotainment will become a trend in future transportation scenario. Through this survey, reference for traffic safety and usage norms will be provided to reduce the risky of public health issues (e.g., traffic accidents) in the context of ICV infotainment. Full article