Search Results (2)

This study examines the effects of different stereoscopic technologies on physiological responses in immersive virtual reality (VR) environments. Five participant groups were evaluated: a control group (no stereoscopy) and four groups using anaglyph, passive, active glasses, or VR helmets. Heart rate variability (HRV) was measured in both time (MeanRR, SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50) and frequency (LF, HF, LF/HF) domains to assess autonomic nervous system activity. Active, polarized glasses and VR helmets significantly reduced SDNN and RMSSD compared to the control group (p < 0.01), with VR helmets causing the largest decrease (MeanRR −70%, RMSSD −51%). Anaglyph glasses showed milder effects. Nonlinear analysis revealed reduced entropies and Hurst parameter in highly immersive conditions, indicating impaired fractal heart rate structure and increased physiological load. These results demonstrate a clear relationship between immersion level and cardiovascular response, emphasising that higher immersion increases physiological stress. The scientific contribution lies in the combined application of linear and nonlinear HRV analysis to systematically compare different stereoscopic display types under controlled gaming immersion. The study proposes a practical methodology for assessing HRV in VR settings, which can inform the ergonomic design of VR systems and ensure users’ physiological safety. By highlighting the differential impacts of stereoscopic technologies on HRV, the findings offer guidance for optimising VR visualisation to balance immersive experience with user comfort and health. Full article

Areas of experience allow for the acquisition and consolidation of both existing knowledge and skills. These are significant factors in the training of staff members for companies in the Industry 4.0 area. One of the currently available modern tools used in the teaching process is virtual reality (VR) technology. This technology, due to its high level of immersion and involvement of the different senses, and the need to focus on the performed activities, allows one to develop skills in solving various tasks and problems. The extended VR environment enables the creation of diverse teaching scenarios adapted to the needs of industry. This paper presents the possibility of building training scenarios in the field of digital techniques. The software solution, developed and presented by the authors, uses elements of computer game mechanics and is designed to familiarize students with the idea of digital circuits, their construction, logical implementation and application. This paper also presents a comparison of the features of different forms of education used in teaching digital techniques, as well as a comparison of these forms, from the point of view of the student and his/her perceptions. Full article