Search Results (4)

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common form of sarcoma typical of pediatric age, arises from the malignant transformation of the mesenchymal precursors that fail to differentiate into skeletal muscle cells. Here, we investigated whether the protein phospholipase C δ4 (PLCδ4), a member of the PLC family involved in proliferation and senescence mechanisms of mesenchymal stromal stem cells, may play a role in RMS. Our molecular and morpho-functional data reveal that PLCδ4 is highly expressed in the fusion-negative, p53-positive, SMARCB1 heterozygous mutated embryonal RMS (ERMS) cell line A204, while it is poorly expressed in the ERMS cell lines RD (fusion-negative, MYC amplification, N-RAS (Q61H), homozygous mutated p53) and Hs729 (homozygous mutated p53) and the alveolar rhabdosarcoma (ARMS) cell line SJCRH30 (RH30; fusion positive, heterozygous mutated RARA, polyheterozygous mutated p53). To characterize the role of PLCδ4, the RD cell line was stably transfected with wild-type PLCδ4 (RD/PLCδ4). Overexpressed PLCδ4 mainly localized to the nucleus in RD cells and contributed to the phosphorylation of PRAS40 (T246), Chk2(T68), WNK1(T60), and Akt 1/273 (S473), as revealed by proteome profiler array analysis. Overexpression of PLCδ4 in RD cells enhanced cyclin B1 expression and resulted in G2/M-phase cell cycle arrest. In contrast, siRNA-mediated knockdown of PLCδ4 in A204 cells resulted in reduced cyclin B1 expression. Our study identifies a novel role for nuclear PLCδ4 as a regulator of cyclin B1 via Akt-dependent phosphorylation. The modulation of PLCδ4 expression and its downstream targets could represent a crucial signaling pathway to block embryonal RMS cell proliferation. Full article

This paper investigates the degradation caused by interference resulting from cyclic prefix violation and symbol timing offset in narrowband power line communication systems. In this sense, it presents a unified formulation from which Hermitian symmetric orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (HS-OFDM), orthogonal chirp division multiplexing (OCDM), single-carrier cyclic prefix (SCCP), and orthogonal time–frequency division multiplexing (OTFDM) can be easily derived. The paper then provides closed-form expressions for quantifying the aforementioned interference in the presence of a frequency domain equalizer. The numerical analyses exhibit the performances of these schemes under various data communication conditions, such as the availability of channel state information, the presence or absence of interference, modeling of additive noise as a white or colored Gaussian random process, frequency domain equalizer type, and the use of bit and power allocation techniques. The closed-form expressions and performance analyses regarding achievable data rate and bit error probability provide guidance for dealing with distinct constraints in narrowband power line communication (PLC) systems using the HS-OFDM, OCDM, SCCP, or OTFDM scheme. Lastly, the unified formulation and results obtained motivate the design of multi-scheme transceivers. Full article

In order to construct an efficient on-site communication network for an advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) in Korea, the high-speed power line communication (HS PLC), wireless smart utility network (Wi-SUN), and ZigBee modems are currently being used. In this paper, we first quantitatively analyze the communication performances of HS PLC, Wi-SUN, and ZigBee modems for AMI through both experimental testbeds and practical environment sites. For practical AMI sites, we selected 18 sites with 48 measurement points and classified the sites into five areas, and conducted measurements of signal and noise power spectra on the sites. We then derived linear regression models for received powers according to areas. Through the constructed models, we can efficiently choose an appropriate communication method and plan a methodology for building an AMI network depending on the area type. Furthermore, using the constructed regression models, we provided graphical simulation tools of received powers for both PLC and wireless communication methods based on a distribution information map. Full article

Broadband power line communication (PLC) is used as a communication technique for advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) in Korea. High-speed (HS) PLC specified in ISO/IEC12139-1 and HomePlug Green PHY (HPGP) are deployed for remote metering. Recently, internet of things (IoT) PLC has been proposed for reliable communications on harsh power line channels. In this paper, the physical layer performance of IoT PLC, HPGP, and HS PLC is evaluated and compared. Three aspects of the performance are evaluated: the bit rate, power spectrum, and bit error rate (BER). An expression for the bit rate for IoT PLC and HPGP is derived while taking the padding bits and number of tones in use into consideration. The power spectrum is obtained through computer simulations. For the BER performance comparisons, the upper bound of the BER for each PLC standard is evaluated through computer simulations. Full article