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Keywords = HRTF measurement system

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12 pages, 1782 KB  
Article
The Accuracy of Dynamic Sound Source Localization and Recognition Ability of Individual Head-Related Transfer Functions in Binaural Audio Systems with Head Tracking
by Vedran Planinec, Jonas Reijniers, Marko Horvat, Herbert Peremans and Kristian Jambrošić
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(9), 5254; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13095254 - 23 Apr 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3386
Abstract
The use of audio systems that employ binaural synthesis with head tracking has become increasingly popular, particularly in virtual reality gaming systems. The binaural synthesis process uses the Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTF) as an input required to assign the directions of arrival to [...] Read more.
The use of audio systems that employ binaural synthesis with head tracking has become increasingly popular, particularly in virtual reality gaming systems. The binaural synthesis process uses the Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTF) as an input required to assign the directions of arrival to sounds coming from virtual sound sources in the created virtual environments. Generic HRTFs are often used for this purpose to accommodate all potential listeners. The hypothesis of the research is that the use of individual HRTF in binaural synthesis instead of generic HRTF leads to improved accuracy and quality of virtual sound source localization, thus enhancing the user experience. A novel methodology is proposed that involves the use of dynamic virtual sound sources. In the experiments, the test participants were asked to determine the direction of a dynamic virtual sound source in both the horizontal and vertical planes using both generic and individual HRTFs. The gathered data are statistically analyzed, and the accuracy of localization is assessed with respect to the type of HRTF used. The individual HRTFs of the test participants are measured using a novel and efficient method that is accessible to a broad range of users. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Acoustics and Vibrations)
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17 pages, 3421 KB  
Article
HRTFs Measurement Based on Periodic Sequences Robust towards Nonlinearities in Automotive Audio
by Stefania Cecchi, Valeria Bruschi, Stefano Nobili, Alessandro Terenzi and Alberto Carini
Sensors 2023, 23(3), 1692; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031692 - 3 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1977
Abstract
The head related transfer functions (HRTFs) represent the acoustic path transfer functions between sound sources in 3D space and the listener’s ear. They are used to create immersive audio scenarios or to subjectively evaluate sound systems according to a human-centric point of view. [...] Read more.
The head related transfer functions (HRTFs) represent the acoustic path transfer functions between sound sources in 3D space and the listener’s ear. They are used to create immersive audio scenarios or to subjectively evaluate sound systems according to a human-centric point of view. Cars are nowadays the most popular audio listening environment and the use of HRTFs in automotive audio has recently attracted the attention of researchers. In this context, the paper proposes a measurement method for HRTFs based on perfect or orthogonal periodic sequences. The proposed measurement method ensures robustness towards the nonlinearities that may affect the measurement system. The experimental results considering both an emulated scenario and real measurements in a controlled environment illustrate the effectiveness of the approach and compare the proposed method with other popular approaches. Full article
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40 pages, 3257 KB  
Review
Measurement of Head-Related Transfer Functions: A Review
by Song Li and Jürgen Peissig
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(14), 5014; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10145014 - 21 Jul 2020
Cited by 81 | Viewed by 21684
Abstract
A head-related transfer function (HRTF) describes an acoustic transfer function between a point sound source in the free-field and a defined position in the listener’s ear canal, and plays an essential role in creating immersive virtual acoustic environments (VAEs) reproduced over headphones or [...] Read more.
A head-related transfer function (HRTF) describes an acoustic transfer function between a point sound source in the free-field and a defined position in the listener’s ear canal, and plays an essential role in creating immersive virtual acoustic environments (VAEs) reproduced over headphones or loudspeakers. HRTFs are highly individual, and depend on directions and distances (near-field HRTFs). However, the measurement of high-density HRTF datasets is usually time-consuming, especially for human subjects. Over the years, various novel measurement setups and methods have been proposed for the fast acquisition of individual HRTFs while maintaining high measurement accuracy. This review paper provides an overview of various HRTF measurement systems and some insights into trends in individual HRTF measurements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Acoustics and Vibrations)
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