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13 pages, 1761 KiB  
Article
Identification and Validation of Evolutionarily Conserved Unusually Short Pre-mRNA Introns in the Human Genome
by Makoto K. Shimada, Noriko Sasaki-Haraguchi and Akila Mayeda
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16(5), 10376-10388; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms160510376 - 7 May 2015
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 7207
Abstract
According to the length distribution of human introns, there is a large population of short introns with a threshold of 65 nucleotides (nt) and a peak at 85 nt. Using human genome and transcriptome databases, we investigated the introns shorter than 66 nt, [...] Read more.
According to the length distribution of human introns, there is a large population of short introns with a threshold of 65 nucleotides (nt) and a peak at 85 nt. Using human genome and transcriptome databases, we investigated the introns shorter than 66 nt, termed ultra-short introns, the identities of which are scarcely known. Here, we provide for the first time a list of bona fide human ultra-short introns, which have never been characterized elsewhere. By conducting BLAST searches of the databases, we screened 22 introns (37–65 nt) with conserved lengths and sequences among closely related species. We then provide experimental and bioinformatic evidence for the splicing of 15 introns, of which 12 introns were remarkably G-rich and 9 introns contained completely inefficient splice sites and/or branch sites. These unorthodox characteristics of ultra-short introns suggest that there are unknown splicing mechanisms that differ from the well-established mechanism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pre-mRNA Splicing 2015)
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