Search Results (2)

Iron-based particles loaded on porous carbon materials have attracted extensive attention as catalysts for denitration and desulfurization reactions. However, the carbon support of a high-temperature denitration catalyst is inevitably oxidized in the presence of H₂O and O₂. The mechanism of denitration catalyst oxidation and its influence on the catalytic reaction remain to be further explored. Fe₂O₃-loaded graphene models with carbon vacancy (G_def), hydroxyl (HyG), and carboxyl (CyG) were constructed to investigate the effects of hydroxylation and carboxylation on the catalytic activity of Fe₂O₃/graphene for oxidative desulfurization and denitration by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. According to the analysis of structural properties and adsorption energy, the adsorption process of Fe₂O₃ on HyG and CyG was observed to have proceeded more favorably than that on G_def. The density-of-states (DOS) results also affirmed that HyG and CyG promote the electron delocalization of Fe₂O₃ around the Fermi level, enhancing the chemical activity of Fe₂O₃. Moreover, adsorption energy analysis indicates that hydroxylation and carboxylation enhanced the adsorption of SO₂ and H₂O₂ on Fe₂O₃/graphene while also maintaining preferable adsorption stability of NO. Furthermore, mechanistic research explains that adsorbed H₂O₂ on HyG and CyG directly oxidizes NO and SO₂ into HNO₂ and H₂SO₄ following a one-step reaction. The results provide a fundamental understanding of the oxidized catalyst on catalytic denitration and desulfurization reactions. Full article

Financial sustainability has been a perennial problem in international development. Furthermore, among different areas of developmental support, securing sufficient financial resources is particularly significant in the health sector where people’s very lives are at stake. Given the above, we examine innovative development finance (IDF) for the health sector with a particular focus on the air ticket solidarity levy system in the Republic of Korea. After an overview of the origins and the present state of the solidarity tax system, we explain how it was implemented in the context of South Korea’s health ODA (Official Development Assistance). A first-ever health ODA stakeholders’ perception survey with its implications on the airplane tax system follows. For policy suggestions, we suggest incorporating a COVID-19 agenda into the Global Disease Eradication Fund (GDEF) immediately, and to raise public awareness in a timely fashion. We believe the Korean case is significant for both its direct impact in the Eurasian region as an emerging donor, and for its unique position due to its middle-power status whose trajectory could serve as an example to many other nations seeking sustainable financial schemes. Full article