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18 pages, 2426 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Aptamer–Target–Gold Nanoparticle Conjugates for the Quantification of Fumonisin B1

by Vicente Antonio Mirón-Mérida, Yadira González-Espinosa, Mar Collado-González, Yun Yun Gong, Yuan Guo and Francisco M. Goycoolea

Biosensors 2021, 11(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11010018 - 8 Jan 2021

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 5107

Abstract

Fumonisin B1 (FB1), a mycotoxin classified as group 2B hazard, is of high importance due to its abundance and occurrence in varied crops. Conventional methods for detection are sensitive and selective; however, they also convey disadvantages such as long assay times, expensive equipment and instrumentation, complex procedures, sample pretreatment and unfeasibility for on-site analysis. Therefore, there is a need for quick, simple and affordable quantification methods. On that note, aptamers (ssDNA) are a good alternative for designing specific and sensitive biosensing techniques. In this work, the assessment of the performance of two aptamers (40 and 96 nt) on the colorimetric quantification of FB1 was determined by conducting an aptamer–target incubation step, followed by the addition of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and NaCl. Although MgCl₂ and Tris-HCl were, respectively, essential for aptamer 96 and 40 nt, the latter was not specific for FB1. Alternatively, the formation of Aptamer (96 nt)–FB1–AuNP conjugates in MgCl₂ exhibited stabilization to NaCl-induced aggregation at increasing FB1 concentrations. The application of asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) allowed their size separation and characterization by a multidetection system (UV-VIS, MALS and DLS online), with a reduction in the limit of detection from 0.002 µg/mL to 56 fg/mL. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 1st International Electronic Conference on Biosensors (IECB 2020))

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10 pages, 6185 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Involvement of FvSet1 in Fumonisin B1 Biosynthesis, Vegetative Growth, Fungal Virulence, and Environmental Stress Responses in Fusarium verticillioides

by Qin Gu, Hafiz Abdul Samad Tahir, Hao Zhang, Hai Huang, Tiantian Ji, Xiao Sun, Liming Wu, Huijun Wu and Xuewen Gao

Toxins 2017, 9(2), 43; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins9020043 - 24 Jan 2017

Cited by 34 | Viewed by 6660

Abstract

Fusarium verticillioides (teleomorph, Gibberella moniliformis) is an important plant pathogen that causes seedling blight, stalk rot, and ear rot in maize (Zea mays). During infection, F. verticillioides produce fumonsins B1 (FB1) that pose a serious threat to human and animal health. Recent studies showed that Set1, a methyltransferase of H3K4, was responsible for toxin biosynthesis in filamentous fungi. However, to date, the regulation of FvSet1 on FB1 biosynthesis remains unclear. In the current study, we identified only one Set1 ortholog in F. verticillioides (FvSet1) and found that the deletion of FvSET1 led to various defects in fungal growth and pathogenicity. More interestingly, the FvSET1 deletion mutant (ΔFvSet1) showed a significant defect in FB1 biosynthesis and lower expression levels of FUM genes. FvSet1 was also found to play an important role in the responses of F. verticillioides to multiple environmental stresses via regulating the phosphorylation of FvMgv1 and FvHog1. Taken together, these results indicate that FvSet1 plays essential roles in the regulation of FB1 biosynthesis, fungal growth and virulence, as well as various stress responses in F. verticillioides. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected papers from 1^st China Mycotoxin Conference: Current trends in mycotoxin prevention and control)

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11 pages, 1284 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) Induces Lamellar Separation and Alters Sphingolipid Metabolism of In Vitro Cultured Hoof Explants

by Nicole Reisinger, Ilse Dohnal, Veronika Nagl, Simone Schaumberger, Gerd Schatzmayr and Elisabeth Mayer

Toxins 2016, 8(4), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8040089 - 24 Mar 2016

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 6171

Abstract

One of the most important hoof diseases is laminitis. Yet, the pathology of laminitis is not fully understood. Different bacterial toxins, e.g. endotoxins or exotoxins, seem to play an important role. Additionally, ingestion of mycotoxins, toxic secondary metabolites of fungi, might contribute to the onset of laminitis. In this respect, fumonsins are of special interest since horses are regarded as species most susceptible to this group of mycotoxins. The aim of our study was to investigate the influence of fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) on primary isolated epidermal and dermal hoof cells, as well as on the lamellar tissue integrity and sphingolipid metabolism of hoof explants in vitro. There was no effect of FB₁ at any concentration on dermal or epidermal cells. However, FB₁ significantly reduced the separation force of explants after 24 h of incubation. The Sa/So ratio was significantly increased in supernatants of explants incubated with FB₁ (2.5–10 µg/mL) after 24 h. Observed effects on Sa/So ratio were linked to significantly increased sphinganine concentrations. Our study showed that FB₁ impairs the sphingolipid metabolism of explants and reduces lamellar integrity at non-cytotoxic concentrations. FB₁ might, therefore, affect hoof health. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are necessary to elucidate the effects of FB₁ on the equine hoof in more detail. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Fusarium Toxins – Relevance for Human and Animal Health)

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